J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2020 Jun 1;16(6):789-809. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2020.2942.
Biomaterial implants and medical devices have been utilized extensively in medical treatment with the development of modern medicine, especially in orthopaedics and stomatology. Along with their applications, biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) have grown to be one of the main postoperative complications. Antimicrobial coating strategies have been reported to effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion and proliferation on implant surface, extending their lifespan. In this review, the most topical antimicrobial coating designs have been chosen from literature studies. Their antimicrobial mechanisms and antimicrobial activity assessments in literature studies have been presented and compared. Based on their active ingredients, antimicrobial coatings are categories into (i) inorganic agents, including Ag, Cu, ZnO, MoS₂ and nitride compound; (ii) organic agents including antibiotic, antimicrobial peptides, polymer, essential oils etc. The review has provided various and detailed options of antimicrobial coating designs for consulting according to their specific application. It is noted that the research of antimicrobial coatings is mostly and animal models study. It is thus in need for more preclinical or clinical studies, especially finding the direct connection between the utilization of antimicrobial coated implants and the reduction in BAIs incidence. Furthermore, future antimicrobial coating designs shall respect also biocompatibility, functionality, and durability apart from their antimicrobial activity.
生物材料植入物和医疗器械随着现代医学的发展得到了广泛应用，特别是在骨科和口腔医学领域。随着它们的应用，与生物材料相关的感染（BAIs）已成为术后主要并发症之一。抗菌涂层策略已被报道可有效抑制植入物表面细菌的粘附和增殖，从而延长其使用寿命。在本综述中，我们从文献研究中选择了最新的抗菌涂层设计。介绍并比较了它们在文献研究中的抗菌机制和抗菌活性评估。根据其活性成分，抗菌涂层可分为（i）无机剂，包括 Ag、Cu、ZnO、MoS₂ 和氮化物化合物；（ii）有机剂，包括抗生素、抗菌肽、聚合物、精油等。本综述根据具体应用提供了各种详细的抗菌涂层设计选择，以供参考。需要注意的是，抗菌涂层的研究主要是动物模型研究。因此，需要更多的临床前或临床研究，特别是要找到使用抗菌涂层植入物与降低 BAI 发生率之间的直接联系。此外，未来的抗菌涂层设计除了具有抗菌活性外，还应兼顾生物相容性、功能性和耐用性。
