Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 20;11:2172. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02172. eCollection 2020.
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate widely among different mammalian and avian hosts and sometimes give rise to zoonotic infections. Vaccination is a mainstay of IAV prevention and control. However, the efficacy of IAV vaccines is often suboptimal because of insufficient cross-protection among different IAV genotypes and subtypes as well as the inability to keep up with the rapid molecular evolution of IAV strains. Much attention is focused on improving IAV vaccine efficiency using adjuvants, which are substances that can modulate and enhance immune responses to co-administered antigens. The current review is focused on a non-traditional approach of adjuvanting IAV vaccines by therapeutically targeting the immunomodulatory functions of a rare population of innate-like T lymphocytes called invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. These cells bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and are capable of stimulating a wide array of immune cells that enhance vaccine-mediated immune responses. Here we discuss the factors that influence the adjuvant effects of iNKT cells for influenza vaccines as well as the obstacles that must be overcome before this novel adjuvant approach can be considered for human or veterinary use.
甲型流感病毒（IAV）广泛存在于不同的哺乳动物和禽类宿主中，有时会引起人畜共患感染。疫苗接种是预防和控制 IAV 的主要手段。然而，由于不同 IAV 基因型和亚型之间的交叉保护作用不足，以及无法跟上 IAV 菌株的快速分子进化，IAV 疫苗的效果往往并不理想。人们非常关注使用佐剂来提高 IAV 疫苗的效率，佐剂是可以调节和增强与共同给予的抗原的免疫反应的物质。本综述集中讨论了通过治疗性靶向一种称为固有样 T 淋巴细胞（iNKT）细胞的罕见群体的免疫调节功能来佐剂化 IAV 疫苗的非传统方法。这些细胞连接先天和适应性免疫系统，能够刺激增强疫苗介导的免疫反应的多种免疫细胞。在这里，我们讨论了影响 iNKT 细胞佐剂流感疫苗效果的因素，以及在这种新型佐剂方法可用于人类或兽医用途之前必须克服的障碍。
