Weatherhead Jill E, Gazzinelli-Guimaraes Pedro, Knight John M, Fujiwara Ricardo, Hotez Peter J, Bottazzi Maria Elena, Corry David B
Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 20;11:594520. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594520. eCollection 2020.
Helminths, including nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, are complex parasitic organisms that infect at least one billion people globally living in extreme poverty. Helminthic infections are associated with severe morbidity particularly in young children who often harbor the highest burden of disease. While each helminth species completes a distinct life cycle within the host, several helminths incite significant lung disease. This impact on the lungs occurs either directly from larval migration and host immune activation or indirectly from a systemic inflammatory immune response. The impact of helminths on the pulmonary immune response involves a sophisticated orchestration and activation of the host innate and adaptive immune cells. The consequences of activating pulmonary host immune responses are variable with several helminthic infections leading to severe, pulmonary compromise while others providing immune tolerance and protection against the development of pulmonary diseases. Further delineation of the convoluted interface between helminth infection and the pulmonary host immune responses is critical to the development of novel therapeutics that are critically needed to prevent the significant global morbidity caused by these parasites.
蠕虫，包括线虫、绦虫和吸虫，是复杂的寄生生物，全球至少有10亿生活在极端贫困中的人受到感染。蠕虫感染与严重发病相关，尤其是在疾病负担往往最重的幼儿中。虽然每种蠕虫在宿主体内都有独特的生命周期，但几种蠕虫会引发严重的肺部疾病。这种对肺部的影响要么直接来自幼虫迁移和宿主免疫激活，要么间接来自全身炎症免疫反应。蠕虫对肺部免疫反应的影响涉及宿主固有免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞的复杂协调与激活。激活肺部宿主免疫反应的后果各不相同，几种蠕虫感染会导致严重的肺部损害，而其他一些感染则提供免疫耐受并预防肺部疾病的发生。进一步阐明蠕虫感染与肺部宿主免疫反应之间错综复杂的界面，对于开发新型治疗方法至关重要，而这些新型治疗方法对于预防这些寄生虫在全球造成的重大发病至关重要。
