WHO Inter-Country Support Team office for East and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 5160, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Aug 25;36:340. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.340.23824. eCollection 2020.
globally, by 2020 the paralytic poliomyelitis disease burden decreased to over 99% of the reported cases in 1988 when resolution 41.8 was endorsed by the World Health Assembly (WHA) for global polio eradication. It is clearly understood that, if there is Wild Poliovirus (WPV) and circulating Vaccines Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV) in the world, no country is safe from polio outbreaks. All countries remain at high risk of re-importation depending on the level of the containment of the types vaccine withdrawn, the laboratory poliovirus isolates, and the population immunity induced by the vaccination program. In this regard, countries to have polio outbreak preparedness and response plans, and conducting the polio outbreak simulation exercises for these plans remain important.
we conducted a cross-section qualitative study to review to 8 countries conducted polio outbreak simulation exercises in the East and Southern Africa from 2016 to 2018. The findings were categorized into 5 outbreak response thematic areas analyzed qualitatively and summarized them on their strengths and weaknesses.
we found out that, most countries have the overall technical capacities and expertise to deal with outbreaks to a certain extent. Nevertheless, we noted that the national polio outbreak preparedness and response plans were not comprehensive enough to provide proper guidance in responding to outbreaks. The guidelines were inadequately aligned with the WHO POSOPs, and IHR 2005. Additionally, most participants who participated in the simulation exercises were less familiar with their preparedness and response plans, the WHO POSOPs, and therefore reported to be sensitized.
we also realized that, in all countries where the polio simulation exercise conducted, their national polio outbreak preparedness and response plan was revised to be improved in line with the WHO POSOPs and IHR 2005. we, therefore, recommend the polio outbreak simulation exercises to be done in every country with an interval of 3-5 years.
在全球范围内，到 2020 年，据报道，1988 年世界卫生大会（WHA）通过第 41.8 号决议，批准全球消灭脊髓灰质炎以来，麻痹性脊髓灰质炎疾病负担减少了 99%以上。显然，如果世界上存在野生脊灰病毒（WPV）和循环疫苗衍生脊灰病毒（cVDPV），则没有任何国家能免受脊灰暴发的影响。所有国家都面临着重新输入的高风险，这取决于撤回的疫苗类型的遏制水平、实验室脊灰病毒分离株以及疫苗接种计划所诱导的人群免疫力。在这方面，各国制定脊灰暴发防范和应对计划，并对这些计划进行脊灰暴发模拟演练仍然很重要。
我们进行了一项横断面定性研究，审查了 2016 年至 2018 年期间东非和南非 8 个国家进行的脊灰暴发模拟演练。调查结果分为 5 个暴发应对专题领域，进行了定性分析，并总结了它们的优势和劣势。
我们发现，大多数国家在一定程度上具有应对暴发的总体技术能力和专门知识。然而，我们注意到，国家脊灰暴发防范和应对计划不够全面，无法为应对暴发提供适当的指导。这些准则与世卫组织《公共卫生应对计划》和《国际卫生条例（2005 年）》不够协调一致。此外，大多数参加模拟演练的参与者对其防范和应对计划、世卫组织《公共卫生应对计划》不太熟悉，因此报告称他们得到了培训。
我们还意识到，在所有进行脊灰模拟演练的国家，都对其国家脊灰暴发防范和应对计划进行了修订，以符合世卫组织《公共卫生应对计划》和《国际卫生条例（2005 年）》。因此，我们建议每隔 3-5 年在每个国家进行一次脊灰暴发模拟演练。
