Centre of Biotechnology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences (IIDS), University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(11):13761-13775. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11435-2. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
Agriculture has the most significant contribution in fulfilling the basic human need, sustaining life, and strengthening the economy of any country. To feed the exploding population of the world, there has been a quantum jump in the production of agricultural commodities, which has led to the production of a substantial considerable quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. The bulks of these wastes are lignocellulosic in nature and consist of three main polymeric constituents, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are recalcitrant. The primary significant portions of these remain unutilized and are burnt in the field, leading to severe environmental aggression and wastage of resource. Farmers across the globe, including India, burn these agricultural wastes in their thousands of acre land, which contribute to spoiling the air quality index (AQI). This is very harmful, especially to children, pregnant women, old adults, and for patients suffering from respiratory diseases. The current manuscript sets up an agro-waste management platform by using paddy straw as a substrate for the production of nutritionally and medically rich oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) and which is further used in the green synthesis of bimetallic (gold-platinum) Au-Pt nanoparticle. Yield performance and biological efficiency of Pf were calculated from the degraded paddy straw. The green synthesized Au-Pt NPs were structurally characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and zeta potential analysis. The prepared NPs showed a face-centered cubic crystal structure, icosahedral shape with a mean particle size of 16 nm. Furthermore, we examined the cytotoxic activity of Au-Pt NPs using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis by propidium iodide assay. We found that Au-Pt NPs exerted apoptotic activity on the human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) in a dose-dependent manner from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL. Overall, our findings create a prototype and open a new door to synthesizing functional nanoparticle by using oyster mushroom as the substrate for paddy straw agro-waste management and the applicability of Pf in the synthesis of eco-friendly Au-Pt NPs. This is the first kind of approach that kills two birds with one stone.
农业在满足人类基本需求、维持生命和增强国家经济方面做出了最重要的贡献。为了养活世界上不断增长的人口，农业商品的产量有了巨大的飞跃，这导致了大量农业和农业工业废物的产生。这些废物的大部分是木质纤维素，由三种主要的聚合成分组成，即纤维素、半纤维素和木质素，它们都很难降解。这些物质的主要部分仍然没有得到利用，而是在田间燃烧，导致严重的环境侵略和资源浪费。包括印度在内的全球农民都会焚烧数千英亩土地上的这些农业废物，这导致了空气质量指数（AQI）的恶化。这对儿童、孕妇、老年人和患有呼吸道疾病的患者尤其有害。本手稿通过使用稻草作为基质来生产营养丰富和药用丰富的平菇（Pf），建立了一个农业废物管理平台，Pf 进一步用于双金属（金-铂）Au-Pt 纳米粒子的绿色合成。从降解的稻草中计算 Pf 的产量性能和生物效率。绿色合成的 Au-Pt NPs 通过紫外可见（UV-Vis）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、能量色散光谱（EDS）和zeta 电位分析进行结构表征。制备的 NPs 表现出面心立方晶体结构、二十面体形状，平均粒径为 16nm。此外，我们通过 3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化盐（MTT）测定法、细胞内活性氧（ROS）生成和碘化丙啶测定法检测了 Au-Pt NPs 的细胞毒性活性。我们发现 Au-Pt NPs 以剂量依赖的方式在 12.5 至 200μg/mL 的浓度范围内对人结肠癌细胞系（HCT 116）发挥凋亡活性。总的来说，我们的研究结果为利用平菇作为稻草农业废物管理的基质和利用 Pf 合成环保型 Au-Pt NPs 来合成功能性纳米粒子创建了一个原型并开辟了新的途径。这是一种一石二鸟的方法。
