An Jun Young, Hong Yoo Rha, Kong Seom Gim
Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021 Feb;64(2):86-92. doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.01508. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
Anemia is an important health problem affecting approximately 25% of the global population. Although its prevalence is decreasing worldwide, few studies have examined the prevalence of anemia in Korean adolescents.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia in Korean adolescents over the past 21 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
We investigated the prevalence of anemia in adolescents aged 10-18 years for the period 1998-2018 according to sex, age, residential area, and household income. The effects of menarche age and menstruation were examined in female adolescents for the period 2001-2018.
Among the total 11,782 participants, the weighted prevalence of anemia was 4.0%. The prevalence of anemia in male participants significantly decreased (from 3.0% to 0.5%, P<0.001), whereas that in female participants did not change significantly over time (from 7.9% to 8.5%, P=0.054). The average age at menarche was 12.4±0.0 years; the prevalence of anemia in females increased from age 13 years onward. Multivariate analysis revealed that anemia was more common in female than male participants (odds ratio [OR], 9.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.19-13.57; P<0.001). In female adolescents, the prevalence of anemia increased with age (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.38, P<0.001) and was 3.6 times higher after than before menarche (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.21-6.05, P<0.001).
Over the 21-year study period, the prevalence of anemia decreased among male adolescents but did not change in female adolescents. In female adolescents, age and menarche were identified as significant risk factors that require continued attention.
贫血是一个重要的健康问题，影响着全球约25%的人口。尽管全球贫血患病率在下降，但很少有研究调查韩国青少年的贫血患病率。
本研究旨在利用韩国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据，确定过去21年韩国青少年的贫血患病率。
我们根据性别、年龄、居住地区和家庭收入，调查了1998 - 2018年期间10 - 18岁青少年的贫血患病率。在2001 - 2018年期间，对女性青少年的初潮年龄和月经情况的影响进行了研究。
在总共11,782名参与者中，贫血的加权患病率为4.0%。男性参与者的贫血患病率显著下降（从3.0%降至0.5%，P<0.001），而女性参与者的贫血患病率随时间没有显著变化（从7.9%升至8.5%，P = 0.054）。初潮的平均年龄为12.4±0.0岁；13岁及以上女性的贫血患病率增加。多变量分析显示，女性参与者比男性参与者贫血更常见（比值比[OR]，9.88；95%置信区间[CI]，7.19 - 13.57；P<0.001）。在女性青少年中，贫血患病率随年龄增加（OR，1.26；95% CI，1.15 - 1.38，P<0.001），初潮后比初潮前高3.6倍（OR，3.65；95% CI，2.21 - 6.05，P<0.001）。
在21年的研究期间，男性青少年的贫血患病率下降，而女性青少年的贫血患病率没有变化。在女性青少年中，年龄和初潮被确定为需要持续关注的重要风险因素。
