The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Pediatrics, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Acta Haematol. 2021;144(4):413-417. doi: 10.1159/000511760. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
Immunizations have been saving the lives of millions of people since they were first used by Edward Jenner in 1796, and new vaccines are being developed all the time. Hopefully, a new vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will be developed in the near future, and perhaps even one for human immunodeficiency virus. Although the effectiveness of vaccinations has been proven over the years and adverse effects to currently available vaccinations are extremely rare, many people continue to defer immunizations for themselves and their families. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this phenomenon, known as "vaccine hesitancy," is a major public health problem globally. This review summarizes the unproven adverse effects of various vaccines and stresses the importance of enforcing vaccination policies to minimize vaccine hesitancy. Every effort should be made to improve existing vaccines and to produce new ones, according to carefully designed scientific preclinical and clinical trials. This is particularly important in today's era, in light of the global transparency regarding vaccination development, and the potential for future pandemics such as COVID-19.
自爱德华·詹纳(Edward Jenner)于 1796 年首次使用以来,免疫接种已挽救了数百万人的生命,并且一直在不断开发新的疫苗。希望在不久的将来能开发出针对 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的新疫苗,甚至可能开发出针对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的疫苗。尽管多年来已证明疫苗的有效性,并且目前可用的疫苗的不良反应极为罕见,但许多人仍继续为自己和家人推迟接种疫苗。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的说法,这种现象被称为“疫苗犹豫”,是一个全球性的主要公共卫生问题。这篇综述总结了各种疫苗的未经证实的不良反应,并强调了实施疫苗接种政策以最大程度地减少疫苗犹豫的重要性。根据精心设计的临床前和临床试验,应尽一切努力改进现有疫苗并生产新疫苗。在当今时代,鉴于疫苗开发的全球透明度以及未来可能出现像 COVID-19 这样的大流行,这一点尤为重要。