Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 13;12(11):3488. doi: 10.3390/nu12113488.
(CA) is an edible plant and a popular botanical dietary supplement. It is reputed, in Ayurveda, to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. There is a considerable body of preclinical literature supporting CA's ability to improve learning and memory. This study evaluated the contribution of CA's triterpenes (TT), widely considered its active compounds, and caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) to the cognitive effects of CA water extract (CAW) in 5XFAD mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease. 5XFAD mice were fed a control diet alone, or one containing 1% CAW or compound groups (TT, CQA, or TT + CQA) equivalent to their content in 1% CAW. Wild-type (WT) littermates received the control diet. Conditioned fear response (CFR) was evaluated after 4.5 weeks. Female 5XFAD controls showed no deficit in CFR compared to WT females, nor any effects from treatment. In males, CFR of 5XFAD controls was attenuated compared to WT littermates ( = 0.005). 5XFAD males receiving CQA or TT + CQA had significantly improved CFR ( < 0.05) compared to 5XFAD male controls. CFR did not differ between 5XFAD males receiving treatment diets and WT males. These data confirm a role for CQA in CAW's cognitive effects.
（CA）是一种可食用的植物，也是一种流行的植物性膳食补充剂。在阿育吠陀医学中，它被认为可以减轻与年龄相关的认知能力下降。有相当多的临床前文献支持 CA 改善学习和记忆的能力。本研究评估了 CA 的三萜（TT），广泛认为是其有效成分，以及咖啡酰奎宁酸（CQA）对 5XFAD 小鼠（阿尔茨海默病模型）中 CA 水提取物（CAW）认知作用的贡献。5XFAD 小鼠喂食对照饮食或含有 1% CAW 或化合物组（TT、CQA 或 TT + CQA）的饮食，这些化合物的含量与 1% CAW 中的含量相当。野生型（WT）同窝仔接受对照饮食。4.5 周后评估条件性恐惧反应（CFR）。与 WT 雌性相比，雌性 5XFAD 对照动物的 CFR 没有缺陷，也没有任何治疗作用。在雄性中，与 WT 同窝仔相比，5XFAD 对照动物的 CFR 减弱（= 0.005）。与 5XFAD 雄性对照动物相比，接受 CQA 或 TT + CQA 治疗的雄性 5XFAD 动物的 CFR 有显著改善（<0.05）。接受治疗饮食的 5XFAD 雄性和 WT 雄性之间的 CFR 没有差异。这些数据证实了 CQA 在 CAW 认知作用中的作用。
