Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 13;21(22):8567. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228567.
The current agricultural system is biased for the yield increase at the cost of biodiversity. However, due to the loss of precious genetic diversity during domestication and artificial selection, modern cultivars have lost the adaptability to cope with unfavorable environments. There are many reports on variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels in the stress-tolerant gene alleles that are associated with higher stress tolerance in wild progenitors, natural accessions, and extremophiles in comparison with domesticated crops or model plants. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of stress-tolerant traits in naturally stress-resistant plants, more comparative studies between the modern crops/model plants and crop progenitors/natural accessions/extremophiles are required. In this review, we discussed and summarized recent progress on natural variations associated with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in various plants. By applying the recent biotechniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool, natural genetic resources (i.e., stress-tolerant gene alleles) from diverse plants could be introduced to the modern crop in a non-genetically modified way to improve stress-tolerant traits.
当前的农业系统偏向于提高产量，而牺牲了生物多样性。然而，由于在驯化和人工选择过程中珍贵遗传多样性的丧失，现代品种已经失去了应对不利环境的适应性。有许多报道称，在与驯化作物或模式植物相比，野生祖先、自然群体和极端微生物中与更高胁迫耐受性相关的胁迫耐受基因等位基因中存在着单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和插入/缺失（indels）等变异。因此，为了更好地理解自然抗性植物中的胁迫耐受特性，需要在现代作物/模式植物和作物祖先/自然群体/极端微生物之间进行更多的比较研究。在这篇综述中，我们讨论并总结了与各种植物增强非生物胁迫耐受性相关的自然变异的最新进展。通过应用 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑工具等现代生物技术，可以将来自不同植物的天然遗传资源（即胁迫耐受基因等位基因）以非遗传修饰的方式引入现代作物中，从而改善胁迫耐受特性。
