负面刻板印象、恐惧和社会距离：刻板印象背景下大众文化中痴呆症描绘的系统评价。
Negative stereotypes, fear and social distance: a systematic review of depictions of dementia in popular culture in the context of stigma.
机构信息
The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences, Room M3909B, M Block, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia.
The University of Sydney, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Room 424 Old Teachers College, Manning Road, Lidcombe, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2020 Nov 17;20(1):477. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01754-x.
BACKGROUND
Literature, film and news media reflect and shape social perceptions of dementia which in turn impact on dementia stigma. The aim of this paper is to systematically review papers on the depiction and frames for dementia in literature, film, mass media and social media in order to better understand cultural stigma related to dementia.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases was undertaken combining phrases relating to dementia, popular culture and representations, and phrases relating to dementia and stigma. We searched for scientific English language papers which included original analysis on the representation or depiction of dementia in popular culture (i.e. in film and television, literature, news, social media and language). Articles published between 1989-2018 were included. The search was conducted in December 2017 and updated in January 2019. Inductive thematic synthesis was undertaken.
RESULTS
A total of 60 articles were included from an initial sample of 37022. Dementia was almost always depicted in conjunction with ageing, and often equated with Alzheimer's disease. Common frames for dementia were biomedical - dementia involves the deterioration of the brain for which there is no current cure; natural disaster or epidemic - dementia is a force of nature which will overwhelm mankind; and living dead - people with dementia lose their brains, memories, minds and consequently their personhood and human rights. There were examples of more positive depictions of dementia including expressing love and individual agency and experiencing personal growth. Feelings commonly associated with dementia were fear, shame, compassion and guilt, and depictions often resulted in a sense of social distance.
CONCLUSIONS
Depictions of dementia in popular culture are associated with negative images and feelings, and social distance between people with dementia and those without. These correspond to dementia stigma in the public and as experienced by people with dementia. Further research is needed into the impact of literature, news and social media on dementia stigma and these cultural mediums might be used to reduce stigma.
背景
文学、电影和新闻媒体反映和塑造了公众对痴呆症的认知，进而影响了痴呆症污名。本文的目的是系统地回顾文献、电影、大众媒体和社交媒体中痴呆症的描述和框架，以更好地了解与痴呆症相关的文化污名。
方法
通过结合与痴呆症、流行文化和代表性相关的短语以及与痴呆症和污名相关的短语，对电子数据库进行了系统搜索。我们搜索了关于流行文化（即电影和电视、文学、新闻、社交媒体和语言）中痴呆症代表性或描述的原创分析的英文科学论文。纳入了发表于 1989 年至 2018 年之间的文章。搜索于 2017 年 12 月进行，并于 2019 年 1 月进行了更新。采用归纳主题综合法进行分析。
结果
从最初的 37022 篇文章中，共纳入了 60 篇文章。痴呆症几乎总是与衰老一起被描述，而且常常与阿尔茨海默病等同。痴呆症的常见框架包括生物医学——痴呆症涉及大脑的恶化，目前尚无治愈方法；自然灾害或流行病——痴呆症是一种自然力量，将压倒人类；以及活死人——痴呆症患者失去大脑、记忆、思维，因此失去了他们的人格和人权。也有一些更积极的痴呆症描述的例子，包括表达爱和个人代理以及体验个人成长。与痴呆症相关的常见感觉是恐惧、羞耻、同情和内疚，这些描述常常导致社会距离感。
结论
流行文化中对痴呆症的描述与负面形象和感觉以及痴呆症患者与非痴呆症患者之间的社会距离有关。这与公众对痴呆症的污名以及痴呆症患者的体验相吻合。需要进一步研究文学、新闻和社交媒体对痴呆症污名的影响，这些文化媒介可以用来减少污名。
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