Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Jan;105(1):21-33. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-11009-9. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Among processes that control microbial community assembly, microbial invasion has received little attention until recently, especially in the field of anaerobic digestion. However, knowledge of the principles regulating the taxonomic and functional stability of microbial communities is key to truly develop better predictive models and effective management strategies for the anaerobic digestion process. To date, available studies focus on microbial invasions in digesters feed with activated sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Herein, this review summarizes the importance of invasions for anaerobic digestion management, the ecological theories about microbial invasions, the traits of activated sludge microorganisms entering the digesters, and the resident communities of anaerobic reactors that are relevant for invasions and the current knowledge about the success and impacts of invasions, and discusses the research needs on this topic. The initial data indicate that the impact of invasions is low and only a small percentage of the mostly aerobic microorganisms present in the activated sludge feed are able to become stablished in the anaerobic digesters. However, there are still numerous unknowns about microbial invasions in anaerobic digestion including the influence of anaerobic feedstocks or process perturbances that new approaches on microbial ecology could unveil. KEY POINTS: • Microbial invasions are key processes to develop better strategies for digesters management. • Knowledge on pathogen invasions can improve anaerobic digestion microbial safety. • To date, the number of successful invasions on anaerobic digesters from activated sludge organisms is low. • Feed organisms detected in digesters are mostly inactive residual populations. • Need to expand the range of invaders and operational scenarios studied.
在控制微生物群落组装的过程中，微生物入侵直到最近才受到关注，特别是在厌氧消化领域。然而，了解调节微生物群落分类和功能稳定性的原则是真正开发更好的预测模型和有效管理厌氧消化过程策略的关键。迄今为止，可用的研究集中在以城市污水处理厂的活性污泥为食的消化器中的微生物入侵。在此，本综述总结了入侵对厌氧消化管理的重要性、关于微生物入侵的生态理论、进入消化器的活性污泥微生物的特征，以及与入侵相关的厌氧反应器的常驻群落以及入侵的成功和影响的现有知识，并讨论了该主题的研究需求。初步数据表明，入侵的影响很低，并且只有在活性污泥进料中存在的大多数好氧微生物中的一小部分能够在厌氧消化器中建立起来。然而，关于厌氧消化中的微生物入侵仍有许多未知之处，包括厌氧饲料或工艺干扰的影响，而新的微生物生态学方法可能会揭示这些影响。关键点：•微生物入侵是开发更好的消化器管理策略的关键过程。•入侵病原体知识可以提高厌氧消化的微生物安全性。•迄今为止，来自活性污泥生物的成功入侵厌氧消化器的数量很少。•在消化器中检测到的饲料生物大多是不活跃的残留种群。•需要扩大研究的入侵和操作场景范围。
