Páez-Martínez Andrés, Laiton-Donato Katherine, Usme-Ciro José A
AP: Biólogo. Ph. D. Ciencias Biomédicas. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle. Bogotá, Colombia.
KL: Bacterióloga. M. Sc. Ciencias Microbiología. Grupo de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Salud. Bogotá, Colombia.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2018 Nov 1;20(6):778-783. doi: 10.15446/rsap.V20n6.67962.
The recent occurrence of vaccinia virus infections in humans and animals in Colombia, together with that reported for this and other species of the genus Orthopoxvirus in some South American, African, Asian and European countries, is supporting evidence of the emergence and re-emergence of the genus. This fact has become of great interest for public health around the world due to its biological and an epidemiological features, as was in the past the variola virus, one of its representatives. The emergence and re-emergence of the genus Orthopoxvirus may be a consequence of stopping vaccination against the variola virus in the 1970s and 1980s. This vaccination unsuspectedly induced cross-protective immunity to other species of that genus. This is a review of the history, biology and epidemiology of the main species of the genus Orthopoxvirus, together with its clinical presentation, social context and public health impact in the past, present and future.
哥伦比亚近期出现的人类和动物痘苗病毒感染，以及在一些南美、非洲、亚洲和欧洲国家报告的该属及其他正痘病毒属物种的感染情况，都为该属病毒的出现和重新出现提供了佐证。鉴于其生物学和流行病学特征，这一事实已引起全球公共卫生领域的高度关注，就像过去其代表病毒天花病毒那样。正痘病毒属的出现和重新出现可能是20世纪70年代和80年代停止天花病毒疫苗接种的结果。这种疫苗接种意外地诱导了对该属其他物种的交叉保护性免疫。本文综述了正痘病毒属主要物种的历史、生物学和流行病学，以及其过去、现在和未来的临床表现、社会背景和对公共卫生的影响。
