急性 HIV 感染期间免疫反应的进化和多样性。
Evolution and Diversity of Immune Responses during Acute HIV Infection.
机构信息
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
出版信息
Immunity. 2020 Nov 17;53(5):908-924. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.015.
Understanding the earliest immune responses following HIV infection is critical to inform future vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we review recent prospective human studies in at-risk populations that have provided insight into immune responses during acute infection, including additional relevant data from non-human primate (NHP) studies. We discuss the timing, nature, and function of the diverse immune responses induced, the onset of immune dysfunction, and the effects of early anti-retroviral therapy administration. Treatment at onset of viremia mitigates peripheral T and B cell dysfunction, limits seroconversion, and enhances cellular antiviral immunity despite persistence of infection in lymphoid tissues. We highlight pertinent areas for future investigation, and how application of high-throughput technologies, alongside targeted NHP studies, may elucidate immune response features to target in novel preventions and cures.
了解 HIV 感染后最早的免疫反应对于为未来的疫苗和治疗方法提供信息至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了最近在高危人群中进行的前瞻性人类研究，这些研究提供了对急性感染期间免疫反应的深入了解，包括来自非人类灵长类动物（NHP）研究的其他相关数据。我们讨论了诱导的多种免疫反应的时间、性质和功能、免疫功能障碍的开始以及早期抗逆转录病毒治疗的效果。在病毒血症发作时开始治疗可减轻外周 T 和 B 细胞功能障碍，限制血清转换，并增强细胞抗病毒免疫，尽管在淋巴组织中仍存在感染。我们强调了未来研究的相关领域，以及如何应用高通量技术和针对 NHP 的研究来阐明针对新型预防和治疗方法的免疫反应特征。
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