Predictors and outcomes of healthcare-associated infections in COVID-19 patients.

INTRODUCTION

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) after viral illnesses are important sources of morbidity and mortality. This has not been extensively studied in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

This study included all COVID-19-positive adult patients (≥18 years) hospitalized between 01 March and 05 August 2020 at the current institution. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of HAI in the acute care setting was used. The outcomes that were studied were rates and types of infections and in-hospital mortality. Several multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine characteristics associated with development of HAI.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine (3.7%) of 1565 patients developed 140 separate HAIs from 73 different organisms: 23 were Gram-positive, 39 were Gram-negative and 11 were fungal. Patients who developed HAI did not have higher odds of death (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.40-1.81, p =  0.69). HAIs were associated with the use of tocilizumab (OR 5.04, 95% CI 2.4-10.6, p <  0.001), steroids (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4-10, p =  0.007), hydroxychloroquine (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-8.8, p =  0.05), and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1-12.8, p =  0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

HAI were common in hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Tocilizumab and steroids were associated with increased risk of HAIs.