Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, General Ramón Corona 2514, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
Mycorrhiza. 2021 Mar;31(2):265-272. doi: 10.1007/s00572-020-01007-0. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key actors among soil microbial inhabitants, forming beneficial associations with most horticultural plants and crops (e.g., maize). For maize, the world most cultivated cereal, data on AMF species diversity in fields is sparse and even totally nonexistent in the southern part of Belgium where maize represents 8% of the cultivated area. In the present study, 14 maize fields in South Belgium under conventional, conversion, or organic management were analyzed for AMF diversity and species composition using 454 pyrosequencing. A large part (54%) of the 49 AMF species observed were unknown or have not been described in the literature. AMF diversity highly varied among fields, with the number of species ranging between 1 and 37 according to the field. A statistically significant effect of management was measured on AMF diversity, with the highest Hill index values (diversity and richness) under the organic management system compared with conventional management or conversion. Our results suggest a positive effects of organic management on AMF diversity in maize. They also highlight the rather high diversity or richness of AMF and the large portion of sequences not yet ascribed to species, thereby emphasizing a need to intensify AMF identification in cropping systems.
丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 是土壤微生物居民中的关键角色，与大多数园艺植物和作物（例如玉米）形成有益的共生关系。对于玉米这一全球种植最广泛的谷物来说，农田中 AMF 物种多样性的数据很少，甚至在比利时南部完全不存在，而那里的玉米种植面积占 8%。在本研究中，使用 454 焦磷酸测序分析了比利时南部 14 个常规、转换或有机管理的玉米田的 AMF 多样性和物种组成。在所观察到的 49 种 AMF 中，有很大一部分（54%）是未知的或在文献中没有描述过。AMF 多样性在田间之间差异很大，根据田间的不同，物种数量在 1 到 37 之间。管理对 AMF 多样性有统计学上的显著影响，与常规管理或转换相比，有机管理系统的 Hill 指数（多样性和丰富度）值最高。我们的结果表明，有机管理对玉米中 AMF 多样性有积极影响。它们还突出了 AMF 的多样性或丰富度相当高，以及大量尚未归属于物种的序列，从而强调了在种植系统中需要加强 AMF 鉴定。
