12295 Division of Health Informatics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
21611 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2021 Jan/Feb;136(1):97-106. doi: 10.1177/0033354920970179. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
An understanding of mental health symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is critical to ensure that health policies adequately address the mental health needs of people in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine mental health symptoms among US adults in an early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We conducted a cross-sectional study in late March 2020 with a national sample of 963 US adults using an online research platform. Participants self-reported state of residence, psychosocial characteristics, and levels of anxiety, depression, anger, cognitive function, and fatigue in the context of COVID-19 using validated patient-reported outcomes scales in the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System measures. We used analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression to evaluate correlates of mental health symptoms.
Overall, participants reported high levels of anxiety (mean [SD], 57.2 [9.3]) and depression (mean [SD], 54.2 [9.5]). Levels of anger, anxiety, cognitive function, depression, and fatigue were significantly higher among the Millennial Generation and Generation X (vs Baby Boomers), those with not enough or enough (vs more than enough) financial resources, females vs males), those with self-reported disability (vs no self-reported disability), and those with inadequate (vs adequate) health literacy. In adjusted models, being in Generation X and the Millennial Generation (vs Baby Boomer), having not enough or enough vs more than enough) financial resources, and having inadequate (vs adequate) health literacy were most strongly correlated with worse mental health symptoms.
Results suggest that mental health symptoms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were prevalent nationally, regardless of state of residence and especially among young, psychosocially vulnerable groups.
了解 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间的心理健康症状对于确保卫生政策充分满足美国人民的心理健康需求至关重要。本研究的目的是在 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段，调查美国成年人的心理健康症状。
我们在 2020 年 3 月下旬使用在线研究平台，对来自全美 963 名美国成年人进行了一项横断面研究。参与者在 COVID-19 背景下使用患者报告结局测量信息系统中的经过验证的患者报告结局量表自我报告居住地、心理社会特征以及焦虑、抑郁、愤怒、认知功能和疲劳水平。我们使用方差分析和多元线性回归评估心理健康症状的相关性。
总体而言，参与者报告的焦虑水平（平均值[标准差]，57.2[9.3]）和抑郁水平（平均值[标准差]，54.2[9.5]）较高。愤怒、焦虑、认知功能、抑郁和疲劳水平在千禧一代和 X 世代（与婴儿潮一代相比）、财务资源不足或充足（与充足以上相比）、女性（与男性相比）、自我报告残疾（与无自我报告残疾相比）以及健康素养不足（与充足相比）的人群中显著较高。在调整后的模型中，属于 X 世代和千禧一代（与婴儿潮一代相比）、财务资源不足或充足（与充足以上相比）以及健康素养不足（与充足相比）与心理健康症状恶化的相关性最强。
结果表明，COVID-19 大流行早期阶段的心理健康症状普遍存在于全美各地，无论其居住州如何，尤其是在年轻、心理社会脆弱的人群中更为普遍。
