Laboratorio de Endocrino-Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Endocrine-Immunology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(6):1466-1479. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1843398. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
Adequate iodine nutrition is crucial for all mammals by playing his starring role as a component of thyroid hormones, which are key regulators of cellular processes for life such as differentiation, growth, function, and metabolism. Deficiency or excess of iodine in the diet are worldwide highly frequent conditions that are responsible of health problems like hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia, goiter, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases among others. The incorporation of iodine in salt or other nutrients resolved the consequences of severe iodine deficiency like goiter, cretinism. However, this strategy in several countries led to other ailments like Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. The goal of this review is to analyze and discuss the different aspects of iodine nutrition for human health comprising its biological role through thyroid hormones, pathogen control, and the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.
碘营养对所有哺乳动物都是至关重要的，它是甲状腺激素的组成部分，甲状腺激素是生命过程中细胞分化、生长、功能和代谢的关键调节剂。饮食中碘的缺乏或过量是全球范围内非常常见的情况，会导致健康问题，如甲状腺功能减退、低甲状腺素血症、甲状腺肿、甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能亢进和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病等。在盐或其他营养物中添加碘已经解决了严重碘缺乏引起的问题，如甲状腺肿和克汀病。然而，这一策略在一些国家导致了其他疾病，如桥本氏自身免疫性甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退。本综述的目的是分析和讨论碘营养对人类健康的不同方面，包括其通过甲状腺激素、病原体控制和肠道微生物群调节的生物学作用。
