Ménard-Moyon Cécilia, Bianco Alberto, Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg 67000, France.
School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
ACS Sens. 2020 Dec 24;5(12):3739-3769. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01961. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
Viral infections are one of the major causes of mortality and economic losses worldwide. Consequently, efficient virus detection methods are crucial to determine the infection prevalence. However, most detection methods face challenges related to false-negative or false-positive results, long response times, high costs, and/or the need for specialized equipment and staff. Such issues can be overcome by access to low-cost and fast response point-of-care detection systems, and two-dimensional materials (2DMs) can play a critical role in this regard. Indeed, the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of 2DMs provide many advantages for developing biosensors for viral infections with high sensitivity and selectivity. Fast, accurate, and reliable detection, even at early infection stages by the virus, can be potentially enabled by highly accessible surface interactions between the 2DMs and the analytes. High selectivity can be obtained by functionalization of the 2DMs with antibodies, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, or aptamers, allowing for specific binding to a particular virus, viral fingerprints, or proteins released by the host organism. Multiplexed detection and discrimination between different virus strains are also feasible. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of the major advances of 2DM-based biosensors for the detection of viruses. We describe the main factors governing the efficient interactions between viruses and 2DMs, making them ideal candidates for the detection of viral infections. We also critically detail their advantages and drawbacks, providing insights for the development of future biosensors for virus detection. Lastly, we provide suggestions to stimulate research in the fast expanding field of 2DMs that could help in designing advanced systems for preventing virus-related pandemics.
病毒感染是全球范围内导致死亡和经济损失的主要原因之一。因此，高效的病毒检测方法对于确定感染流行率至关重要。然而，大多数检测方法面临着与假阴性或假阳性结果、响应时间长、成本高和/或需要专门设备及人员相关的挑战。通过使用低成本且响应快速的即时检测系统可以克服这些问题，二维材料（2DMs）在这方面可以发挥关键作用。事实上，二维材料独特且可调节的物理化学性质为开发具有高灵敏度和选择性的病毒感染生物传感器提供了许多优势。二维材料与分析物之间高度可及的表面相互作用有可能实现即使在病毒感染早期阶段也能进行快速、准确和可靠的检测。通过用抗体、核酸、蛋白质、肽或适体对二维材料进行功能化，可以获得高选择性，从而实现与特定病毒、病毒特征或宿主生物体释放的蛋白质的特异性结合。对不同病毒株进行多重检测和区分也是可行的。在本综述中，我们全面概述了基于二维材料的生物传感器在病毒检测方面的主要进展。我们描述了控制病毒与二维材料之间有效相互作用的主要因素，使其成为检测病毒感染的理想候选者。我们还批判性地详细阐述了它们的优缺点，为未来用于病毒检测的生物传感器的开发提供见解。最后，我们提出建议，以推动在快速发展的二维材料领域的研究，这可能有助于设计先进的系统来预防与病毒相关的大流行。
