Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Equally contributing first authors.
J Breath Res. 2021 Jan 22;15(2). doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/abcd2b.
Is there a role for alternative therapies in controlling intra-oral halitosis? Treatments other than tongue cleaning and anti-halitosis products containing zinc, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride were considered as alternative therapies. Four databases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library). Inclusion criteria were: examination of alternative halitosis therapies, study population with oral malodour, a (negative or positive) control group and evaluation of breath odour via organoleptic and/or instrumental assessment. Data were extracted for descriptive analysis. The screening of 7656 titles led to the inclusion of 26 articles. Analysis showed heterogeneity concerning the population of interest (from cysteine-induced to genuine halitosis), the examined treatment and the reported outcomes. This made a meta-analysis impossible. Essential oils, fluoride-containing products and herbal substances were the most studied. Results varied enormously and none of the active ingredients had an unambiguously positive effect on the malodour. The risk of bias was assessed as high in all articles. Given the fact that little evidence was found for each of the investigated treatments, it could be concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence that alternative therapies are of added value in the treatment of halitosis.Halitosis is a common problem causing social isolation. Out of embarrassment, patients search the internet, leading to many questions about alternative solutions (e.g. oil pulling, herbs). This is the first systematic review on these alternative therapies.: Results varied among studies. Some promising results were found for fluoride-containing toothpastes and probiotics. For other products (such as herbal and antibacterial products and essential oils) results were inconsistent. Long-term follow-up studies on these products are scarce. Moreover, the quality of the studies was poor.No clear evidence was found to support a certain alternative anti-halitosis therapy.
替代疗法在控制口腔口臭中是否有作用？除了舌清洁和含有锌、氯己定和十六烷基吡啶氯化物的抗口臭产品外，其他治疗方法都被认为是替代疗法。检索了四个数据库（PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 The Cochrane Library）。纳入标准为：检查替代口臭疗法、有口腔异味的研究人群、（阴性或阳性）对照组以及通过感官和/或仪器评估口气气味。提取数据进行描述性分析。对 7656 个标题进行筛选后，纳入了 26 篇文章。分析显示，研究人群（从半胱氨酸诱导的口臭到真性口臭）、所检查的治疗方法和报告的结果存在异质性。这使得无法进行荟萃分析。精油、含氟产品和草药物质是研究最多的。结果差异巨大，没有一种活性成分对异味有明确的积极影响。所有文章的偏倚风险均被评估为高。鉴于每种治疗方法都几乎没有证据，因此可以得出结论，目前没有足够的证据表明替代疗法在口臭治疗中有额外的价值。口臭是一种常见的问题，会导致社交孤立。出于尴尬，患者在互联网上搜索，导致许多关于替代解决方案的问题（例如油拔法、草药）。这是第一篇关于这些替代疗法的系统评价：研究结果存在差异。一些含氟牙膏和益生菌的结果有一定的前景。对于其他产品（如草药和抗菌产品以及精油），结果不一致。这些产品的长期随访研究很少。此外，研究的质量很差。没有明确的证据支持某种特定的抗口臭替代疗法。
