School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelanne s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Ourofino Animal Health Ltda. Rodovia Anhanguera SP 330, Km 298, Distrito Industrial, Cravinhos, São Paulo 14140-000, Brazil.
Viruses. 2020 Nov 19;12(11):1327. doi: 10.3390/v12111327.
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes one of the most critical diseases in the porcine industry worldwide. In Brazil, the first description of the infection was reported in 1888, and the national recognition of the first free zone (FZ) occurred in 2001. Brazil has been recently recognized (2015-2016) by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) with an FZ involving 15 states and the Federal District, corresponding to 95% of the industrial production of pigs in the country, and a non-free zone (NFZ), comprised by the North and Northeast regions of the country, with approximately 18% of the national pig herd and 5% of industrial production. This review aims to describe the history, the control and eradication actions, the recent occurrence of outbreaks in the NFZ, and the results obtained by the surveillance systems' action in the FZ for CSF in Brazil since its creation. In the passive surveillance system, the notification of the suspect cases of classical swine fever (CSF) is mandatory while in the active surveillance system adopted in the FZ consists of serological monitoring of certified swine breeding farms (CSBFs), intensive pig farming (IPF), non-technified pig herds (NTPig), surveillance in slaughterhouses and monitoring the populations of wild pigs. In this region, the last outbreaks of the disease occurred in 1998, while in the NFZ, 28 outbreaks were detected from 2005 to 2017, with an apparent lethality rate of 93.96% (840/894). However, in 2018 and 2019, 68 new outbreaks were registered with an apparent lethality rate of 75.05% (1095/1459). Therefore, in 2019, the Brazil CSF-Free Strategic Plan was created to eradicate the infection from the country's NFZ, since outbreaks in this region present a risk of reintroducing the disease FZ. Finally, differences in characteristics between the regions show factors that still need to be considered for the construction of a robust surveillance system in the NFZ and some improvements in the FZ. Thus, the control of CSF throughout the Brazilian territory requires strict sanitary guidelines, promoting animal health and, consequently, the national production chain's competitiveness.
古典猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus，CSFV）是全球养猪业中最严重的疾病之一。在巴西，该病毒的首例感染报告于 1888 年，首个无疫区（Free zone，FZ）于 2001 年得到国家认可。巴西最近（2015-2016 年）被世界动物卫生组织（World Organisation for Animal Health，OIE）认可为包含 15 个州和联邦区的 FZ，涉及该国 95%的工业猪生产，以及由该国北部和东北部地区组成的非无疫区（Non-free zone，NFZ），占全国猪群的 18%和工业生产的 5%。本综述旨在描述巴西 CSFV 的历史、控制和根除行动、最近在 NFZ 爆发的情况，以及自创建以来，FZ 中监测系统对 CSFV 的作用所取得的结果。在被动监测系统中，对疑似古典猪瘟（Classical swine fever，CSF）的病例进行通报是强制性的，而在 FZ 中采用的主动监测系统包括对经认证的养猪场（Certified swine breeding farms，CSBFs）、集约化养猪场（Intensive pig farming，IPF）、非技术化养猪场（Non-technified pig herds，NTPig）的血清学监测、屠宰场监测和野猪种群监测。在该地区，该疾病的最后一次爆发发生在 1998 年，而在 NFZ，自 2005 年至 2017 年共检测到 28 次爆发，明显致死率为 93.96%（840/894）。然而，在 2018 年和 2019 年，又有 68 次新的爆发，明显致死率为 75.05%（1095/1459）。因此，2019 年，巴西制定了消除 CSFV 无疫区感染的战略计划，因为该地区的爆发存在重新引入 FZ 疾病的风险。最后，不同地区之间的特征差异表明，在 NFZ 建立一个强大的监测系统和在 FZ 进行一些改进方面，仍需要考虑一些因素。因此，要在巴西全境控制 CSFV，需要严格的卫生准则，促进动物健康，从而提高国家生产链的竞争力。
