Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Perception, Action, Cognition (PAC) Division, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Eur J Neurosci. 2022 Jun;55(11-12):3303-3323. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15059. Epub 2020 Dec 6.
In recent years, music-based interventions (MBIs) have risen in popularity as a non-invasive, sustainable form of care for treating dementia-related disorders, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite their clinical potential, evidence regarding the efficacy of MBIs on patient outcomes is mixed. Recently, a line of related research has begun to investigate the clinical impact of non-invasive Gamma-frequency (e.g., 40 Hz) sensory stimulation on dementia. Current work, using non-human-animal models of AD, suggests that non-invasive Gamma-frequency stimulation can remediate multiple pathophysiologies of dementia at the molecular, cellular and neural-systems scales, and, importantly, improve cognitive functioning. These findings suggest that the efficacy of MBIs could, in theory, be enhanced by incorporating Gamma-frequency stimulation into current MBI protocols. In the current review, we propose a novel clinical framework for non-invasively treating dementia-related disorders that combines previous MBIs with current approaches employing Gamma-frequency sensory stimulation. We theorize that combining MBIs with Gamma-frequency stimulation could increase the therapeutic power of MBIs by simultaneously targeting multiple biomarkers of dementia, restoring neural activity that underlies learning and memory (e.g., Gamma-frequency neural activity, Theta-Gamma coupling), and actively engaging auditory and reward networks in the brain to promote behavioural change.
近年来，基于音乐的干预（MBIs）作为一种非侵入性、可持续的护理方式，在治疗与痴呆相关的疾病方面越来越受欢迎，如轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）。尽管它们具有临床潜力，但关于 MBIs 对患者结局的疗效的证据存在分歧。最近，一系列相关研究开始调查非侵入性伽马频率（例如 40 Hz）感觉刺激对痴呆的临床影响。目前的工作使用 AD 的非人类动物模型表明，非侵入性伽马频率刺激可以在分子、细胞和神经系统水平上纠正痴呆的多种病理生理学，重要的是，改善认知功能。这些发现表明，通过将伽马频率刺激纳入当前的 MBI 方案，MBIs 的疗效理论上可以得到增强。在当前的综述中，我们提出了一种新颖的临床框架，将以前的 MBIs 与当前采用伽马频率感觉刺激的方法结合起来，用于非侵入性治疗与痴呆相关的疾病。我们推测，将 MBIs 与伽马频率刺激相结合可以通过同时针对痴呆的多个生物标志物、恢复学习和记忆的神经活动（例如，伽马频率神经活动、θ波-γ波耦合）以及积极参与大脑中的听觉和奖励网络来促进行为改变，从而增强 MBIs 的治疗效果。
