Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, 64298Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Avcılar/İstanbul, Turkey.
Infectious Disease Department, 64298Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Avcılar/İstanbul, Turkey.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Apr;100(2_suppl):169S-173S. doi: 10.1177/0145561320975510. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Olfactory dysfunction is relatively high in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of olfactory disorder objectively in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection.
The study included 31 healthy controls and 59 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed and treated in the COVID departments in a tertiary hospital. The patients with corona virus infection were screened by a questionnaire and were classified into 2 groups as either group 2 (patients without self-reported smell loss) or group 3 (patients with self-reported smell loss). Age and gender matched healthy controls who do not have chronic nasal condition or nasal surgery history comprised the control group (group 1). All of the patients and subjects in the control group were tested by the Sniffin' Sticks test. All of the answers and scores were recorded, and the comparisons were made.
The rate of self-reported smell and taste loss in all COVID-19 patients in this study was 52.5% and 42%, respectively. There was a significant difference in threshold, discrimination, identification, and Threshold, Discrimination, Identification (TDI) scores between groups 1 and 2. When the comparisons between group 1 and 3 were made, again threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were significantly different. The comparison between groups 2 and 3 demonstrated a significant difference in discrimination, identification, and TDI scores, but threshold score was not different statistically. With questionnaire, the rate of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients was 52.5%, but with objective test, the rate was calculated as 83%.
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are common in COVID-19 patients. According to findings with the objective test method in this study, smell disorder in COVID-19 patients was much higher than those detected by questionnaires.
新冠肺炎（COVID-19）患者的嗅觉功能障碍相对较高。本研究旨在客观调查实验室确诊的 COVID-19 感染患者嗅觉障碍的发生率。
该研究纳入了 31 名健康对照者和 59 名在一家三甲医院的 COVID 病房被诊断和治疗的 COVID-19 患者。通过问卷调查筛选出冠状病毒感染患者，并将其分为 2 组：组 2（无自我报告嗅觉丧失的患者）和组 3（自我报告嗅觉丧失的患者）。无慢性鼻部疾病或鼻手术史的年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者组成对照组（组 1）。所有患者和对照组受试者均接受 Sniffin' Sticks 测试。记录所有答案和分数，并进行比较。
本研究中所有 COVID-19 患者自我报告嗅觉和味觉丧失的发生率分别为 52.5%和 42%。组 1 和组 2 之间阈值、辨别力、识别力和阈值、辨别力、识别力（TDI）评分存在显著差异。当组 1 和组 3 进行比较时，阈值、辨别力、识别力和 TDI 评分再次存在显著差异。组 2 和组 3 之间的比较显示辨别力、识别力和 TDI 评分存在显著差异，但阈值评分无统计学差异。通过问卷调查，COVID-19 患者嗅觉功能障碍的发生率为 52.5%，但通过客观测试方法计算的发生率为 83%。
COVID-19 患者存在嗅觉和味觉功能障碍。根据本研究客观测试方法的结果，COVID-19 患者的嗅觉障碍发生率明显高于问卷调查所检测到的发生率。
