Li Hong-Hua, Wang Cheng-Xin, Feng Jun-Yan, Wang Bing, Li Chun-Li, Jia Fei-Yong
Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Pediatric Research Institute, Changchun, China.
Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 9;11:570923. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570923. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of this study was to profile the mental development of children aged 18 to 96 months with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Chinese version of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS), and to explore the relationships between developmental levels and ASD severity, the sex of the child and the age of ASD diagnosis. Children with ASD ( = 398; 337 boys, 61 girls) were recruited and ASD severity evaluated using the Autism Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, while the GMDS was used to evaluate the children's mental development. Study participants were divided into groups according to GMDS general and subscale quotients, ASD severity, sex, and age. The majority of groups divided according to the GMDS quotients exhibited an unbalanced distribution in respect of the six domains of the GMDS and there were significant differences within the six subscale quotients. Autism severity, sex and age had significant effects on the overall level of development of autistic children. The quotients recorded for the children with more severe ASD were significantly lower than those for the children with less severe ASD. A markedly higher proportion of developmental delay was recorded for girls than boys in relation to the performance subscale. The locomotor quotient decreased in line with age at diagnosis, while autism severity and age had significant effects on the general and subscale quotients and sex had a significant effect on performance quotient. Children with ASD exhibit an uneven cognitive development profile, and their overall developmental levels are affected by autism severity, sex and age. Specific cognitive domains differ according to sex in children with ASD. Locomotor skills tend to decrease according to the age at diagnosis for autistic children aged 18 to 84 months. Autism severity and age are also associated with the level of functioning in different cognitive areas. These findings contribute to define the cognitive developmental profiles of children with ASD.
本研究旨在使用中文版的格里菲斯心理发展量表（GMDS）对18至96个月大的自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的心理发展进行剖析，并探讨发育水平与ASD严重程度、儿童性别及ASD诊断年龄之间的关系。招募了患有ASD的儿童（n = 398；337名男孩，61名女孩），使用自闭症行为检查表和儿童自闭症评定量表评估ASD严重程度，同时使用GMDS评估儿童的心理发展。研究参与者根据GMDS总体和分量表商数、ASD严重程度、性别和年龄进行分组。根据GMDS商数划分的大多数组在GMDS的六个领域表现出分布不均衡，并且六个分量表商数之间存在显著差异。自闭症严重程度、性别和年龄对自闭症儿童的整体发育水平有显著影响。患有更严重ASD的儿童记录的商数显著低于患有较轻ASD的儿童。在表现分量表方面，记录到女孩发育迟缓的比例明显高于男孩。运动商数随诊断年龄的增长而下降，而自闭症严重程度和年龄对总体和分量表商数有显著影响，性别对表现商数有显著影响。患有ASD的儿童表现出认知发展不均衡的特征，其整体发育水平受自闭症严重程度、性别和年龄的影响。ASD儿童的特定认知领域因性别而异。对于18至84个月大的自闭症儿童，运动技能往往随诊断年龄的增长而下降。自闭症严重程度和年龄也与不同认知领域的功能水平相关。这些发现有助于明确ASD儿童的认知发展特征。
