Mardones Fernando O, Rich Karl M, Boden Lisa A, Moreno-Switt Andrea I, Caipo Marisa L, Zimin-Veselkoff Natalia, Alateeqi Abdulaziz M, Baltenweck Isabelle
School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Chile.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Nov 10;7:578508. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.578508. eCollection 2020.
We present scientific perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and global food security. International organizations and current evidence based on other respiratory viruses suggests COVID-19 is not a food safety issue, i.e., there is no evidence associating food or food packaging with the transmission of the virus causing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), yet an abundance of precaution for this exposure route seems appropriate. The pandemic, however, has had a dramatic impact on the food system, with direct and indirect consequences on lives and livelihoods of people, plants, and animals. Given the complexity of the system at risk, it is likely that some of these consequences are still to emerge over time. To date, the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic have been substantial including restrictions on agricultural workers, planting, current and future harvests; shifts in agricultural livelihoods and food availability; food safety; plant and animal health and animal welfare; human nutrition and health; along with changes in public policies. All aspects are crucial to food security that would require "One Health" approaches as the concept may be able to manage risks in a cost-effective way with cross-sectoral, coordinated investments in human, environmental, and animal health. Like climate change, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be most acutely felt by the poorest and most vulnerable countries and communities. Ultimately, to prepare for future outbreaks or threats to food systems, we must take into account the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and a "Planetary Health" perspective.
我们展示了关于新冠疫情对全球粮食安全影响的科学观点。国际组织以及基于其他呼吸道病毒的现有证据表明，新冠疫情并非食品安全问题，即没有证据表明食物或食品包装与导致新冠疫情的病毒（严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2）传播有关，但对这一暴露途径采取大量预防措施似乎是合适的。然而，这场疫情对粮食系统产生了巨大影响，对人类、植物和动物的生命及生计产生了直接和间接的后果。鉴于面临风险的系统的复杂性，其中一些后果可能会随着时间的推移而逐渐显现。迄今为止，疫情的直接和间接后果十分严重，包括对农业工人、种植、当前及未来收成的限制；农业生计和粮食供应的变化；食品安全；动植物健康及动物福利；人类营养与健康；以及公共政策的变化。所有这些方面对粮食安全都至关重要，这需要采取“同一健康”方法，因为这一理念或许能够通过对人类、环境和动物健康进行跨部门、协调一致的投资，以具有成本效益的方式管理风险。与气候变化一样，最贫穷和最脆弱的国家及社区将最强烈地感受到新冠疫情的影响。最终，为应对未来对粮食系统的疫情爆发或威胁做准备，我们必须考虑到联合国的可持续发展目标以及“地球健康”的视角。
