Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(45):5844-5865. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666201126144805.
Due to the rapid growth in life threatening diseases such as cancer, diabetes, chronic wound and HIV/AIDS along with rise of side effects of the current treatments, world is now focusing to utilize new treatment options. Currently, the development of green nanotechnology field seems as a potential alternate for diseases diagnosis and treatment by preparation of various sizes and shapes of nanomaterials.
This review is to present the explored biological sources in synthesis of nanomaterials particularly metal and metal oxides nanoparticles and critical review of the applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
In this review, the various biological sources including bacteria, fungi, algae and plants used in synthesis of nanomaterials and mechanism involved in preparation are elaborated. In addition, biosynthesized nanomaterials applied as drug delivery system for anticancer, antibiotic, antidiabetic agent and functioned as potential diagnostic, antimicrobial, anticancer and wound healing candidates are comprehensively reviewed.
The synthesized metal and metal oxides from green protocol proved to have advantages such as being biocompatible, effective and cheap. Furthermore, the green synthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles showed to possess prominent physical, chemical and biological properties that can be efficiently utilized for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
The information gathered in this review will provide a baseline for exploring more potential usage of green synthesized metal and metal oxide nanomaterials for various other applications. However, a concrete understanding of the safety of these nanomaterials is still needed to minimize the potential side effects.
由于癌症、糖尿病、慢性伤口和艾滋病等危及生命的疾病迅速增长，以及当前治疗方法副作用的增加，世界现在正专注于利用新的治疗选择。目前，绿色纳米技术领域的发展似乎为疾病诊断和治疗提供了各种尺寸和形状的纳米材料的潜在替代方案。
本综述旨在介绍纳米材料合成中探索的生物来源，特别是金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子，并对生物合成纳米粒子在药物和生物医学领域的应用进行批判性评价。
在本综述中，详细阐述了用于合成纳米材料的各种生物来源，包括细菌、真菌、藻类和植物，以及参与制备的机制。此外，还全面综述了作为药物输送系统的生物合成纳米材料在抗癌、抗生素、抗糖尿病药物中的应用，以及作为潜在诊断、抗菌、抗癌和伤口愈合候选物的应用。
从绿色方案中合成的金属和金属氧化物被证明具有生物相容性、有效性和廉价等优点。此外，绿色合成的金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子表现出突出的物理、化学和生物学特性，可有效用于药物和生物医学应用。
本综述中收集的信息将为探索绿色合成金属和金属氧化物纳米材料在各种其他应用中的更多潜在用途提供基础。然而，仍需要对这些纳米材料的安全性有一个具体的了解，以最小化潜在的副作用。
