Waris Abdul, Din Misbahud, Ali Asmat, Afridi Shakeeb, Baset Abdul, Khan Atta Ullah, Ali Muhammad
Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan.
Open Life Sci. 2021 Jan 20;16(1):14-30. doi: 10.1515/biol-2021-0003. eCollection 2021.
Nanotechnology is the fabrication, characterization, and potential application of various materials at the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have attracted researchers from different fields because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and other unique and remarkable properties. Cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have various biomedical applications because of their distinctive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anticholinergic, wound healing, and antidiabetic properties. In addition to biomedical applications, cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries, pigments and dyes, electronic thin film, capacitors, gas sensors, heterogeneous catalysis, and for environmental remediation purposes. Different chemical and physical approaches have been used to synthesize cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs; however, these methods could be associated with eco-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high energy, and time consumption. Recently, an eco-friendly, safe, easy, and simple method has been developed by researchers, which uses biotic resources such as plant extract, microorganisms, algae, and other biomolecules such as starch and gelatin. Such biogenic cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs offer more advantages over other physicochemically synthesized methods. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature for the understanding of green synthesis of cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs, their characterization, and various biomedical applications.
纳米技术是在纳米尺度上对各种材料进行制造、表征及潜在应用。在过去几十年里，纳米材料因其高比表面积及其他独特显著的性质吸引了不同领域的研究人员。钴和氧化钴纳米颗粒因其独特的抗氧化、抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌、杀幼虫、抗利什曼原虫、抗胆碱能、伤口愈合及抗糖尿病特性而具有多种生物医学应用。除生物医学应用外，钴和氧化钴纳米颗粒还广泛应用于锂离子电池、颜料和染料、电子薄膜、电容器、气体传感器、多相催化以及环境修复等领域。已采用不同的化学和物理方法来合成钴和氧化钴纳米颗粒；然而，这些方法可能存在生态毒性、成本效益、高能耗及耗时等问题。最近，研究人员开发了一种环保、安全、简便的方法，该方法利用植物提取物、微生物、藻类等生物资源以及淀粉和明胶等其他生物分子。这种生物合成的钴和氧化钴纳米颗粒比其他物理化学合成方法具有更多优势。在本综述中，我们总结了近期文献，以了解钴和氧化钴纳米颗粒的绿色合成、其表征及各种生物医学应用。
