Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Neurosci Lett. 2021 Jan 18;742:135528. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135528. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for which there have been over 50 million confirmed cases and 1.2 million deaths globally. While many SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are asymptomatic or experience respiratory symptoms, extrapulmonary manifestations, including neurological symptoms and conditions, are increasingly recognized. There remains no clear understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neurological symptoms in COVID-19 and whether SARS-CoV-2 has the potential for neuroinvasion in humans. In this minireview, we discuss what is known from human autopsies in fatal COVID-19, including highlighting studies that investigate for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in brain and olfactory tissue, and summarize the neuropathological consequences of infection. Incorporating microscopic and molecular findings from brain tissue into what we know about clinical disease will inform best practice management guidance and direct research priorities as it relates to neurological morbidity from COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体，目前已在全球范围内确诊超过 5000 万例，死亡超过 120 万例。虽然许多 SARS-CoV-2 感染者无症状或仅出现呼吸道症状，但越来越多的人认识到，其还存在肺外表现，包括神经系统症状和疾病。目前对于 COVID-19 中神经系统症状的潜在机制以及 SARS-CoV-2 是否有可能在人类中引起神经入侵仍不清楚。在这篇简短的综述中，我们将讨论从致命 COVID-19 的人体解剖中所了解到的情况，包括强调研究 SARS-CoV-2 在大脑和嗅组织中存在的研究，并总结感染的神经病理学后果。将脑组织中的微观和分子发现与我们对临床疾病的了解相结合，将为最佳临床实践管理指南提供信息，并为 COVID-19 相关的神经发病率确定研究重点。
