Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 24;12(12):3611. doi: 10.3390/nu12123611.
Nitrate supplementation is an effective, evidence-based dietary strategy for enhancing sports performance. The effects of dietary nitrate seem to be mediated by the ability of oral bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrite, thus increasing the levels of nitrite in circulation that may be further reduced to nitric oxide in the body. The gut microbiota has been recently implicated in sports performance by improving muscle function through the supply of certain metabolites. In this line, skeletal muscle can also serve as a reservoir of nitrate. Here we review the bacteria of the oral cavity involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and the possible changes induced by nitrite and their effect on gastrointestinal balance and gut microbiota homeostasis. The potential role of gut bacteria in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and as a supplier of the signaling molecule nitric oxide to the blood circulation and muscles has not been explored in any great detail.
硝酸盐补充是一种有效且基于证据的饮食策略，可增强运动表现。饮食硝酸盐的作用似乎是通过口腔细菌将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐的能力来介导的，从而增加循环中亚硝酸盐的水平，这些亚硝酸盐可能在体内进一步还原为一氧化氮。肠道微生物群最近通过提供某些代谢物来改善肌肉功能而与运动表现相关。在这方面，骨骼肌也可以作为硝酸盐的储存库。在这里，我们回顾了参与将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐的口腔细菌以及亚硝酸盐可能引起的变化及其对胃肠道平衡和肠道微生物组稳态的影响。肠道细菌在将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐以及作为血液和肌肉中信号分子一氧化氮的供应源方面的潜在作用尚未得到充分探讨。
