Spicker S F
Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032.
J Med Philos. 1987 Nov;12(4):397-411. doi: 10.1093/jmp/12.4.397.
Although American philosophers and physicians are generally familiar with the writings of Claude Bernard (1813-1878), especially his Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865), the medical epistemology of Georges Canguilhem, born in 1904, is virtually unknown in English speaking nations. Although indebted to Bernard for his conception of the methods to be employed in the acquisition of medical knowledge, Canguilhem radically reformulates Bernard's concepts of 'disease', 'health', 'illness', and 'pathology'. Contemporary exhortations to medical professionals and medical students that they "pay more attention to the whole patient" take on significance in working through the writings of Canguilhem; of crucial importance is the relation that obtains between a patient's unique symptomatology and the proper drug regiment that is required.
尽管美国的哲学家和医生们普遍熟悉克洛德·贝尔纳（1813 - 1878）的著作，尤其是他的《实验医学研究导论》（1865年），但1904年出生的乔治·康吉莱姆的医学认识论在英语国家几乎无人知晓。虽然康吉莱姆在获取医学知识所采用的方法的概念上受惠于贝尔纳，但他彻底重新阐述了贝尔纳关于“疾病”“健康”“病症”和“病理学”的概念。当代对医学专业人员和医学生的劝诫，即他们“更加关注患者整体”，在研读康吉莱姆的著作时具有重要意义；至关重要的是患者独特的症状与所需的适当药物治疗方案之间的关系。
