Rodríguez-Varela Cristina, Labarta Elena
IVI Foundation-IIS La Fe, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
IVIRMA Valencia, Plaza de la Policía Local 3, 46015 Valencia, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Nov 28;9(12):1197. doi: 10.3390/antiox9121197.
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) while also generating high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from oxygen metabolism. ROS are small but highly reactive molecules that can be detrimental if unregulated. While normally functioning mitochondria produce molecules that counteract ROS production, an imbalance between the amount of ROS produced in the mitochondria and the capacity of the cell to counteract them leads to oxidative stress and ultimately to mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction impairs cellular functions through reduced ATP output and/or increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction may also lead to poor oocyte quality and embryo development, ultimately affecting pregnancy outcomes. Improving mitochondrial function through antioxidant supplementation may enhance reproductive performance. Recent studies suggest that antioxidants may treat infertility by restoring mitochondrial function and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. However, further randomized, controlled trials are needed to determine their clinical efficacy. In this review, we discuss the use of resveratrol, coenzyme-Q10, melatonin, folic acid, and several vitamins as antioxidant treatments to improve human oocyte and embryo quality, focusing on the mitochondria as their main hypothetical target. However, this mechanism of action has not yet been demonstrated in the human oocyte, which highlights the need for further studies in this field.
线粒体产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP），同时也会产生大量源自氧代谢的活性氧（ROS）。ROS是微小但反应性很强的分子，如果不受调控，可能会造成损害。正常运作的线粒体产生的分子可抵消ROS的产生，但线粒体产生的ROS量与细胞抵消这些ROS的能力之间的失衡会导致氧化应激，并最终导致线粒体功能障碍。这种功能障碍会通过减少ATP输出和/或增加氧化应激来损害细胞功能。线粒体功能障碍还可能导致卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育不良，最终影响妊娠结局。通过补充抗氧化剂来改善线粒体功能可能会提高生殖性能。最近的研究表明，抗氧化剂可能通过恢复线粒体功能和促进线粒体生物发生来治疗不孕症。然而，需要进一步的随机对照试验来确定它们的临床疗效。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了白藜芦醇、辅酶Q10、褪黑素、叶酸和几种维生素作为抗氧化剂治疗来改善人类卵母细胞和胚胎质量的用途，重点关注线粒体作为其主要假设靶点。然而，这种作用机制尚未在人类卵母细胞中得到证实，这凸显了该领域进一步研究的必要性。
