National Research Centre, Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Nov 27;12(12):748. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120748.
Pomegranate, similar to other fruits, has juice-extraction by-products. Pomegranate seed oil (PGO) is a non-traditional oil with health benefits, rich in bioactive components. This study was aimed to assess PGO phytochemicals and their influence as bioactive components to reduce mycotoxin secretion. The encapsulation was applied in micro and nanoforms to protect the quality and enhance the efficacy of the oil. The PGO was extracted using ultrasound-assisted methods. Carotenoids, tocochromanols, sterols, phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity were determined. The fatty acid profile was analyzed by the GC-MS, while mycotoxin was determined utilizing the HPLC apparatus. The toxicity and protective action of oil were examined using the hepatocytes' cell line. The resultant oil acts as oleoresin that is rich in bioactive molecules. Phenolics and antioxidant potency recorded higher values compared to traditional vegetable oils, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were 87.51%. The major fatty acid was conjugated punicic acid (81.29%), which has high biological effects. Application of the PGO on fungal media reduced aflatoxins secretion up to 63%, and zearalenone up to 78.5%. These results confirm the bio-functionality of oil to regulate the fungal secondary metabolites process. The PGO is a unique prospective non-traditional oil and has several functionalities in food, which achieve nutritional, antioxidant, and anti-mycotoxigenic activities.
石榴与其他水果一样，有榨汁副产物。石榴籽油（PGO）是一种具有健康益处的非传统油，富含生物活性成分。本研究旨在评估 PGO 的植物化学成分及其作为生物活性成分的影响，以减少霉菌毒素的分泌。采用微纳米形式进行包封，以保护油的质量并增强其功效。使用超声辅助方法提取 PGO。测定类胡萝卜素、生育三烯酚、甾醇、酚类、类黄酮、抗氧化剂和抗菌活性。用 GC-MS 分析脂肪酸谱，用 HPLC 仪测定霉菌毒素。利用肝细胞系检查油的毒性和保护作用。所得油是一种富含生物活性分子的油树脂。与传统植物油相比，酚类和抗氧化能力记录的值更高，而多不饱和脂肪酸为 87.51%。主要脂肪酸是共轭石榴酸（81.29%），具有很高的生物学效应。将 PGO 应用于真菌培养基可将黄曲霉毒素的分泌减少多达 63%，玉米赤霉烯酮减少多达 78.5%。这些结果证实了油在调节真菌次生代谢物过程中的生物功能。PGO 是一种独特的有前景的非传统油，在食品中有多种功能，可实现营养、抗氧化和抗霉菌毒素生成的作用。
