Loi Martina, Fanelli Francesca, Liuzzi Vania C, Logrieco Antonio F, Mulè Giuseppina
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
Department of Economics, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia 71122, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2017 Mar 24;9(4):111. doi: 10.3390/toxins9040111.
Worldwide mycotoxins contamination has a significant impact on animal and human health, and leads to economic losses accounted for billions of dollars annually. Since the application of pre- and post- harvest strategies, including chemical or physical removal, are not sufficiently effective, biological transformation is considered the most promising yet challenging approach to reduce mycotoxins accumulation. Although several microorganisms were reported to degrade mycotoxins, only a few enzymes have been identified, purified and characterized for this activity. This review focuses on the biotransformation of mycotoxins performed with purified enzymes isolated from bacteria, fungi and plants, whose activity was validated in in vitro and in vivo assays, including patented ones and commercial preparations. Furthermore, we will present some applications for detoxifying enzymes in food, feed, biogas and biofuel industries, describing their limitation and potentialities.
全球霉菌毒素污染对动物和人类健康有重大影响，每年导致的经济损失达数十亿美元。由于收获前和收获后采用的策略，包括化学或物理去除方法，效果并不理想，生物转化被认为是减少霉菌毒素积累最具前景但也最具挑战性的方法。尽管有报道称几种微生物可降解霉菌毒素，但仅有少数几种酶被鉴定、纯化并表征了这种活性。本综述聚焦于利用从细菌、真菌和植物中分离得到的纯化酶对霉菌毒素进行的生物转化，这些酶的活性已在体外和体内试验（包括专利方法和商业制剂）中得到验证。此外，我们还将介绍解毒酶在食品、饲料、沼气和生物燃料行业中的一些应用，并描述其局限性和潜力。
