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19 种霉菌毒素在西班牙北部地区人类血浆中的存在。

Presence of 19 Mycotoxins in Human Plasma in a Region of Northern Spain.

机构信息

Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry Department, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.

出版信息

Toxins (Basel). 2020 Nov 27;12(12):750. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120750.

DOI:10.3390/toxins12120750
PMID:33261074
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7760949/
Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate human exposure to 19 compounds (mycotoxins and their metabolites) in plasma samples from healthy adults (n = 438, aged 19-68 years) from Navarra, a region of northern Spain. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, before and after enzymatic hydrolysis for the detection of possible glucuronides and/or sulfates (Phase II metabolites). The most prevalent mycotoxin was ochratoxin A (OTA), with an incidence of 97.3%. Positive samples were in the concentration range of 0.4 ng/mL to 45.7 ng/mL. After enzymatic treatment, OTA levels increased in a percentage of individuals, which may indicate the presence of OTA-conjugates. Regarding ochratoxin B, it has also been detected (10% of the samples), and its presence may be related to human metabolism of OTA. Sterigmatocystin was detected with a high incidence (85.8%), but only after enzymatic hydrolysis, supporting glucuronidation as a pathway of its metabolism in humans. None of the other studied mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1; T-2 and HT-2 toxins; deoxynivalenol, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; zearalenone; nivalenol; fusarenon-X; neosolaniol; and diacetoxyscirpenol) were detected in any of the samples, neither before nor after enzymatic treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report carried out in Spain to determine the exposure of the population to mycotoxins and some of their metabolites using plasma, and the obtained results justify the need for human biomonitoring and metabolism studies on mycotoxins.

摘要

本研究旨在调查西班牙北部纳瓦拉地区 438 名健康成年人（年龄 19-68 岁）血浆样本中 19 种化合物（霉菌毒素及其代谢物）的人体暴露情况。采用 LC-MS/MS 法对样本进行分析，在检测潜在的葡萄糖醛酸和/或硫酸盐（II 期代谢物）之前和之后进行酶水解。最常见的霉菌毒素是赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA），其发生率为 97.3%。阳性样本的浓度范围为 0.4ng/mL 至 45.7ng/mL。经酶处理后，OTA 水平在一定比例的个体中增加，这可能表明存在 OTA 缀合物。关于赭曲霉毒素 B，也已被检测到（10%的样本），其存在可能与人类对 OTA 的代谢有关。展青霉素的检出率也很高（85.8%），但仅在酶水解后，支持其在人类体内的代谢途径为葡萄糖醛酸化。在所研究的其他霉菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素 B1、B2、G1、G2 和 M1；T-2 和 HT-2 毒素；脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、去氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇；玉米赤霉烯酮；呕吐毒素；伏马菌素-X；新茄病镰刀菌烯醇；和二醋酸藨草镰刀菌烯醇）中，无论是在酶处理之前还是之后，都没有在任何样本中检测到。据我们所知，这是西班牙首次报告使用血浆确定人群对霉菌毒素及其某些代谢物的暴露情况，所获得的结果证明了对霉菌毒素进行人体生物监测和代谢研究的必要性。

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