Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea.
Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 27;17(23):8831. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238831.
We examined the effect of long-term changes in environmental factors on the prevalence of allergic diseases in elementary school students in Ulsan, Korea. This longitudinal study was conducted among 390 students who were enrolled from three elementary schools in Ulsan in both the first (2009-2010) and second survey (2013-2014). The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of allergic diseases and hazardous environmental factors. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the change in the prevalence of allergic diseases. The survey revealed that an increased risk of allergic rhinitis was associated with exposure to secondhand smoke, the remodeling of a room, the replacement of wallpaper or flooring, the use of a humidifier, and irritation symptoms of air pollution. Atopic dermatitis was associated with the relocation to or repairs of a new house, and allergic conjunctivitis was associated with low levels of weekly physical activity, the use of insecticides, and irritation symptoms of air pollution. The results indicate that (1) allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are associated with indoor pollution, (2) allergic conjunctivitis is associated with exposure to indoor chemical compounds and low levels of weekly physical activity. This study suggested that the proper evaluation and decrease in the number of environmental risk factors could effectively manage allergic diseases.
我们研究了环境因素的长期变化对韩国蔚山小学生过敏疾病流行率的影响。这项纵向研究在蔚山的三所小学招募了 390 名学生，他们在第一（2009-2010 年）和第二（2013-2014 年）次调查中都有参与。采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）问卷来确定过敏疾病和有害环境因素的流行率。广义估计方程（GEE）用于研究环境因素对过敏疾病流行率变化的影响。调查结果显示，接触二手烟、房间改造、壁纸或地板更换、使用加湿器以及空气污染刺激症状与过敏性鼻炎风险增加有关。特应性皮炎与搬入或装修新房有关，过敏性结膜炎与每周体力活动水平低、使用杀虫剂以及空气污染刺激症状有关。研究结果表明，（1）过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎与室内污染有关，（2）过敏性结膜炎与接触室内化学物质和每周体力活动水平低有关。本研究表明，对环境危险因素进行适当评估和减少数量，可以有效管理过敏疾病。
