CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Dec 16;48(22):12502-12522. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1116.
Coronaviruses represent a large family of enveloped RNA viruses that infect a large spectrum of animals. In humans, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic and is genetically related to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which caused outbreaks in 2002 and 2012, respectively. All viruses described to date entirely rely on the protein synthesis machinery of the host cells to produce proteins required for their replication and spread. As such, virus often need to control the cellular translational apparatus to avoid the first line of the cellular defense intended to limit the viral propagation. Thus, coronaviruses have developed remarkable strategies to hijack the host translational machinery in order to favor viral protein production. In this review, we will describe some of these strategies and will highlight the role of viral proteins and RNAs in this process.
冠状病毒是一类包膜 RNA 病毒，可感染多种动物。在人类中，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引发了当前的 COVID-19 大流行，它与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）具有遗传关系，这两种病毒分别在 2002 年和 2012 年引发了疫情爆发。迄今为止描述的所有病毒完全依赖宿主细胞的蛋白质合成机制来产生复制和传播所需的蛋白质。因此，病毒通常需要控制细胞翻译装置，以避免旨在限制病毒传播的细胞防御的第一道防线。因此，冠状病毒已经开发出显著的策略来劫持宿主翻译机制，以促进病毒蛋白的产生。在这篇综述中，我们将描述其中的一些策略，并强调病毒蛋白和 RNA 在这一过程中的作用。
