Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2021 Jun 1;60(23):12648-12658. doi: 10.1002/anie.202014678. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Biochemical systems accomplish many critical functions with by operating out-of-equilibrium using the energy of chemical fuels. The formation of a transient covalent bond is a simple but very effective tool in designing analogous reaction networks. This Minireview focuses on the fuel chemistries that have been used to generate transient bonds in recent demonstrations of abiotic nonequilibrium systems (i.e., systems that do not make use of biological components). Fuel reactions are divided into two fundamental classifications depending on whether the fuel contributes structural elements to the activated state, a distinction that dictates how they can be used. Reported systems are further categorized by overall fuel reaction (e.g., hydrolysis of alkylating agents, carbodiimide hydration) and illustrate how similar chemistry can be used to effect a wide range of nonequilibrium behavior, ranging from self-assembly to the operation of molecular machines.
生化系统通过利用化学燃料的能量来实现许多关键功能，从而使系统处于非平衡状态。形成瞬态共价键是设计类似反应网络的一种简单但非常有效的工具。本篇综述聚焦于在最近的非生物非平衡系统（即不利用生物组分的系统）的演示中，用于生成瞬态键的燃料化学。根据燃料是否为激活态贡献结构单元，将燃料反应分为两个基本类别，这种区分决定了它们的使用方式。报道的系统进一步按照总燃料反应（例如，烷基化试剂的水解、碳二亚胺水合）进行分类，并说明了类似的化学物质如何用于实现广泛的非平衡行为，从自组装到分子机器的运行。
