Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 22;12(11):3578. doi: 10.3390/nu12113578.
The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in university students and to assess whether this relationship is mediated or moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year Spanish university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the HRQoL was evaluated with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test, and the handgrip strength was determined by dynamometry. ANCOVA models showed that participants with higher CRF and handgrip strength levels had significantly higher scores in the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 and in the MEDAS questionnaire than those with medium and low scores ( < 0.050). Additionally, the ANCOVA models showed that students with good adherence to the MD showed higher scores in the MCS of HRQoL than those with low adherence ( = 0.044, ES = 0.013), but these results did not appear for the PCS of HRQoL ( = 0.728, ES = 0.001). In the mediation analysis, it was found that CRF and handgrip strength acted as full mediators of the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In the moderation analysis, it was evidenced that CRF and handgrip strength did not act as moderators in the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In conclusion, adherence to the MD does not seem to have a direct effect on the MCS of HRQoL because this association seems to be fully mediated by CRF and handgrip strength.
本研究旨在评估大学生对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性与健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）之间的关系，并评估这种关系是否通过心肺功能（CRF）和握力来调节或中介。进行了一项横断面研究，涉及 310 名西班牙大一学生。MD 的依从性用 14 项地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS）评估，HRQoL 用简短表格-12（SF-12）问卷评估。CRF 通过 20 米穿梭跑测试评估，握力通过测力计确定。ANCOVA 模型显示，CRF 和握力水平较高的参与者在 SF-12 的生理成分综合评分（PCS）和心理成分综合评分（MCS）以及 MEDAS 问卷中的得分明显高于中低得分者（<0.050）。此外，ANCOVA 模型显示，MD 依从性良好的学生在 HRQoL 的 MCS 中得分高于低依从性者（=0.044，ES=0.013），但在 HRQoL 的 PCS 中没有出现这些结果（=0.728，ES=0.001）。在中介分析中，发现 CRF 和握力是 MD 依从性与 HRQoL MCS 之间关系的完全中介。在调节分析中，证据表明 CRF 和握力在 MD 依从性与 HRQoL MCS 之间的关系中不作为调节因素。总之，MD 的依从性似乎对 HRQoL 的 MCS 没有直接影响，因为这种关联似乎完全通过 CRF 和握力来介导。
