Hou Fengsu, Liu Huiming, Peng Xiaodong, You Liqin, Zhou Zhijian, Xie Haiyan, Liu Tiebang
Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Healch Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 2;10(12):e041446. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041446.
To investigate the gender disparities in the prevalence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and associated factors among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen.
Cross-sectional study.
Labour intensive factories in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
We recruited 3200 internal migrant workers who aged over 18 years old and above and did not register in Shenzhen's household registration system. There were 3095 participants eligible for this study.
Participants completed sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Meaning in Life Questionnaire. We applied χ test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon rank test, Fisher's exact test and univariate and multivariate multilevel linear regression analysis.
The overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 27.85% and 19.26% among internal migrant workers. We reported gender disparities of depressive and anxiety symptoms among participants that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was higher in women (30.57% vs 26.43% and 22.67% vs 17.47%), and the symptoms were more severe among women. Female migrant workers were more likely to be singled, have lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, receive less education and monthly income, have higher level of impulsiveness and social support and lower level of meaning in life. We found age, marriage, income, adaption to living in Shenzhen, being discriminated, drinking, loneliness, impulsiveness, social support, coping strategies and meaning of life were associated with the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen.
Gender inequality may be the institutional factor leading to disparities in depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers. Interventions should be embedded with strategies improving gender equality.
调查深圳外来务工人员抑郁和焦虑症状的患病率、严重程度及相关因素的性别差异。
横断面研究。
中国广东深圳的劳动密集型工厂。
我们招募了3200名年龄在18岁及以上且未在深圳户籍系统登记的外来务工人员。其中3095名参与者符合本研究条件。
参与者完成社会人口学问卷、患者健康问卷-9、广泛性焦虑障碍量表-7、加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表、巴拉特冲动性量表、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷和生命意义问卷。我们应用χ检验、方差分析、威尔科克森秩和检验、费舍尔精确检验以及单因素和多因素多层次线性回归分析。
外来务工人员中抑郁和焦虑症状的总体患病率分别为27.85%和19.26%。我们报告了参与者中抑郁和焦虑症状的性别差异，即女性抑郁和焦虑症状的患病率更高（分别为30.57%对26.43%和22.67%对17.47%），且女性症状更严重。女性农民工更可能单身，吸烟和饮酒的患病率较低，受教育程度和月收入较低，冲动性和社会支持水平较高，生命意义水平较低。我们发现年龄、婚姻状况、收入、对深圳生活的适应情况、遭受歧视、饮酒、孤独感、冲动性、社会支持、应对策略和生命意义与深圳外来务工人员抑郁和焦虑症状严重程度相关。
性别不平等可能是导致外来务工人员抑郁和焦虑症状差异的制度性因素。干预措施应融入促进性别平等的策略。
