Nigg B M, Yeadon M R
Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Sports Sci. 1987 Summer;5(2):117-45. doi: 10.1080/02640418708729771.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss some biomechanical aspects of playing surfaces with special focus on (a) surface induced injuries, (b) methodologies used to assess surfaces and (c) findings from various sports. The paper concentrates primarily on questions related to load on the athlete's body. Data from epidemiological studies suggest strongly that the surface is an important factor in the aetiology of injuries. Injury frequencies are reported to be significantly different for different surfaces in several sports. The methodologies used to assess surfaces with respect to load or performance include material tests and tests using experimental subjects. There is only little correlation between the results of these two approaches. Material tests used in many standardized test procedures are not validated which suggests that one should exercise restraint in the interpretation of these results. Point elastic surfaces are widely studied while area elastic surfaces have received little attention to date. Questions of energy losses on sport surfaces have rarely been studied scientifically.
本文的目的是讨论比赛场地的一些生物力学方面，特别关注以下几点：（a）场地引发的损伤；（b）用于评估场地的方法；（c）来自各类运动项目的研究结果。本文主要关注与运动员身体负荷相关的问题。流行病学研究数据有力地表明，场地是损伤病因中的一个重要因素。据报道，在多项运动中，不同场地的损伤频率存在显著差异。用于评估场地负荷或性能的方法包括材料测试和使用实验对象的测试。这两种方法的结果之间仅有微弱的相关性。许多标准化测试程序中使用的材料测试并未得到验证，这表明在解释这些结果时应谨慎。点弹性表面得到了广泛研究，而面积弹性表面至今很少受到关注。运动场地能量损失的问题很少得到科学研究。
