Wilson Rachele S, Leonhardt Sara D, Burwell Chris J, Fuller Chris, Smith Tobias J, Kaluza Benjamin F, Wallace Helen M
Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia.
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
Insects. 2020 Dec 1;11(12):853. doi: 10.3390/insects11120853.
(1) Background: Landscape simplification is a major threat to bee and wasp conservation in the tropics, but reliable, long-term population data are lacking. We investigated how community composition, diversity, and abundance of tropical solitary bees and wasps change with landscape simplification (plant diversity, plant richness, distance from forest, forest cover, and land use type) and season. (2) Methods: We installed 336 timber and cob trap nests in four complex forests and three simplified orchards within the subtropical biodiversity hotspot of south-east Queensland, Australia. Trap nests were replaced every season for 23 months and all emergents identified. (3) Results: We identified 28 wasp species and 13 bee species from 2251 brood cells. Bee and wasp community composition changed with landscape simplification such that large, ground-nesting, and spider-hunting species were present in all landscapes, while those with specialist resource requirements and (clepto) parasitoids were present only in complex landscapes. Abundance and diversity of bees and wasps were unaffected by landscape simplification but increased with rainfall. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the need for multi-year studies incorporating nuanced measures such as composition with a focus on functional diversity to detect changes bee and wasp populations.
（1）背景：景观简化是热带地区蜜蜂和黄蜂保护面临的主要威胁，但缺乏可靠的长期种群数据。我们研究了热带独居蜜蜂和黄蜂的群落组成、多样性和丰度如何随景观简化（植物多样性、植物丰富度、与森林的距离、森林覆盖率和土地利用类型）和季节而变化。（2）方法：我们在澳大利亚昆士兰州东南部亚热带生物多样性热点地区的四片复杂森林和三个简化果园中安装了336个木材和土坯诱捕巢。诱捕巢每季节更换一次，为期23个月，并识别所有羽化的个体。（3）结果：我们从2251个育雏室中识别出28种黄蜂和13种蜜蜂。蜜蜂和黄蜂的群落组成随景观简化而变化，因此所有景观中都有大型、地栖和捕食蜘蛛的物种，而那些有特殊资源需求的物种和（盗窃性）寄生蜂仅存在于复杂景观中。蜜蜂和黄蜂的丰度和多样性不受景观简化的影响，但随降雨量增加。（4）结论：本研究强调需要进行多年研究，纳入细致入微的测量方法，如以功能多样性为重点的组成，以检测蜜蜂和黄蜂种群的变化。
