Kienle Peter, Magdeburg Richard
Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Theresienkrankenhaus, Bassermannstr. 1, 68165, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Chirurg. 2021 Jan;92(1):21-29. doi: 10.1007/s00104-020-01306-4.
The majority of cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be treated by minimally invasive surgery. The advantages of standard laparoscopic approaches compared to open surgery with respect to short-term and long-term outcome parameters have been adequately proven with evidence level 1 for ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease. For many other indications there are at least several larger registry or case-control studies that have shown advantages for laparoscopy. For robot-assisted surgery the feasibility has principally been demonstrated for IBD, whereby at least for ulcerative colitis limited data suggest comparable results to the standard laparoscopic approach. Single port approaches have so far not been able to demonstrate any relevant advantages in IBD surgery. Major advantages for transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for performing restorative proctocolectomy could not be demonstrated in two larger case-controlled studies but it was at least shown to be a comparable alternative to standard laparoscopy. Overall, it seems unlikely that the recently described new laparoscopic approaches will result in measurable advantages for the patient in comparison to standard laparoscopy as the access trauma is not significantly changed. In general, the indications to perform minimally invasive surgery must always be based on the basic principles of IBD surgery and contraindications have to be considered in individual cases as the advantages of laparoscopic approaches are levelled out in the long run.
大多数炎症性肠病(IBD)病例可通过微创手术治疗。与开放手术相比,标准腹腔镜手术在短期和长期预后参数方面的优势已在克罗恩病回盲部切除术的证据等级为1的情况下得到充分证实。对于许多其他适应症,至少有几项较大规模的登记研究或病例对照研究表明腹腔镜手术具有优势。对于机器人辅助手术,IBD的可行性已得到初步证明,至少对于溃疡性结肠炎而言,有限的数据表明其结果与标准腹腔镜手术相当。到目前为止,单孔手术在IBD手术中尚未显示出任何相关优势。在两项较大规模的病例对照研究中,经肛门微创手术(TAMIS)在进行结直肠全切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术方面未显示出主要优势,但至少表明它是标准腹腔镜手术的一种可比替代方法。总体而言,与标准腹腔镜手术相比,最近描述的新腹腔镜手术方法似乎不太可能为患者带来可衡量的优势,因为入路创伤没有显著改变。一般来说,进行微创手术的适应症必须始终基于IBD手术的基本原则,并且在个别病例中必须考虑禁忌症,因为从长远来看腹腔镜手术方法的优势会被抵消。