Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
School of Engineering, Rankine Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
Cell Signal. 2021 Feb;78:109867. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109867. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
For many bacteria, the ability to sense physical stimuli such as contact with a surface or a potential host cell is vital for survival and proliferation. This ability, and subsequent attachment, confers a wide range of benefits to bacteria and many species have evolved to take advantage of this. Despite the impressive diversity of bacterial pathogens and their virulence factors, mechanosensory mechanisms are often conserved. These include sensing impedance of flagellar rotation and resistance to type IV pili retraction. There are additional mechanisms that rely on the use of specific membrane-bound adhesins to sense either surface proximity or shear forces. This review aims to examine these mechanosensors, and how they are used by pathogenic bacteria to sense physical features in their environment. We will explore how these sensors generate and transmit signals which can trigger modulation of virulence-associated gene expression in some of the most common bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Vibrio species.
对于许多细菌来说，感知物理刺激（如与表面或潜在宿主细胞接触）的能力对其生存和增殖至关重要。这种能力以及随后的附着赋予了细菌广泛的益处，许多物种已经进化到能够利用这一点。尽管细菌病原体及其毒力因子的多样性令人印象深刻，但机械感觉机制通常是保守的。这些机制包括感知鞭毛旋转的阻抗和抵抗 IV 型菌毛回缩的阻力。还有其他一些机制依赖于使用特定的膜结合黏附素来感知表面接近或切变力。本综述旨在研究这些机械感受器，以及它们如何被致病性细菌用来感知其环境中的物理特征。我们将探讨这些传感器如何产生和传递信号，从而触发一些最常见的细菌病原体（铜绿假单胞菌、奇异变形杆菌、大肠杆菌和弧菌属）中与毒力相关的基因表达的调节。
