Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, International Environment and Development Studies (NORAGRIC), Ås, Norway.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2021 Jul;17(4):835-851. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4380. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
The Nordic countries are in the forefront of international chemical regulation and management by actively developing the domestic policy framework, while simultaneously pushing for more stringent control internationally. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark have been particularly progressive in the regulation of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Restriction proposals have been developed under the EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and PFAS have been nominated for global restriction under the Stockholm Convention. A key tool in their work has been the product registries (PRs), where all chemicals imported and produced over a certain reporting limit must be registered by the importers and/or producers. In recent years these PRs have been facing opposition, predominantly from the industry. Simultaneously, and in some contrast, several EU countries are mobilizing for measures to control PFAS as a group. We explored the role of PRs in national and international chemical management. By analyzing the Norwegian PFAS data (2009-2017) reported by industry to the government we observed changes in use and temporal trends. A diversification in use and substitutions to alternative PFAS emerged when new policies were developed, representing a challenge for future control and reduction efforts. Instead of loosening up on reporting obligations, as advocated by some industry representatives, our analysis of the PFAS group argues that governments would benefit from a tighter reporting scheme of problematic compound groups. A comprehensive overview of use, production, and import would contribute to more effective control, thereby saving society and the environment from serious damage and tremendous costs. The Nordic PRs will continue to be important supplements to REACH registration and an indispensable tool for future both national and international regulation on PFAS and other hazardous substances. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:835-851. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
北欧国家通过积极发展国内政策框架，在国际化学法规和管理方面处于领先地位，同时在国际上推动更严格的控制。挪威、瑞典和丹麦在管制全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 方面一直走在前列。在欧盟《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》（REACH）下制定了限制提案，并且提名 PFAS 在《斯德哥尔摩公约》下进行全球限制。他们工作的一个关键工具是产品注册（PR），所有进口和生产超过一定报告限值的化学品必须由进口商和/或生产商进行注册。近年来，这些 PR 一直面临来自行业的反对。与此同时，一些欧盟国家也在动员起来，采取措施对 PFAS 作为一个群体进行控制。我们探讨了 PR 在国家和国际化学管理中的作用。通过分析行业向政府报告的挪威 PFAS 数据（2009-2017 年），我们观察到用途的变化和时间趋势。当制定新政策时，出现了用途的多样化和对替代 PFAS 的替代，这对未来的控制和减少工作构成了挑战。我们对 PFAS 组的分析表明，政府不应放松报告义务，正如一些行业代表所主张的那样，而是应从更严格的报告计划中受益于有问题的化合物组。全面了解用途、生产和进口情况将有助于更有效地控制，从而使社会和环境免受严重损害和巨大成本的影响。北欧 PR 将继续成为 REACH 注册的重要补充，并且是未来对 PFAS 和其他有害物质进行国家和国际监管的不可或缺的工具。《综合环境评估与管理》2021 年；17：835-851。© 2020 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊 LLC 代表环境毒理与化学学会（SETAC）出版。
