Gkika Ioanna S, Xie Ge, van Gestel Cornelis A M, Ter Laak Thomas L, Vonk J Arie, van Wezel Annemarie P, Kraak Michiel H S
Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2023 Nov;42(11):2302-2316. doi: 10.1002/etc.5729. Epub 2023 Sep 15.
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are a group of thousands of ubiquitously applied persistent industrial chemicals. The field of PFAS environmental research is developing rapidly, but suffers from substantial biases toward specific compounds, environmental compartments, and organisms. The aim of our study was therefore to highlight current developments and to identify knowledge gaps and subsequent research needs that would contribute to a comprehensive environmental risk assessment for PFAS. To this end, we consulted the open literature and databases and found that knowledge of the environmental fate of PFAS is based on the analysis of <1% of the compounds categorized as PFAS. Moreover, soils and suspended particulate matter remain largely understudied. The bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and food web transfer studies of PFAS also focus on a very limited number of compounds and are biased toward aquatic biota, predominantly fish, and less frequently aquatic invertebrates and macrophytes. The available ecotoxicity data revealed that only a few PFAS have been well studied for their environmental hazards, and that PFAS ecotoxicity data are also strongly biased toward aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicity studies in the terrestrial environment are needed, as well as chronic, multigenerational, and community ecotoxicity research, in light of the persistency and bioaccumulation of PFAS. Finally, we identified an urgent need to unravel the relationships among sorption, bioaccumulation, and ecotoxicity on the one hand and molecular descriptors of PFAS chemical structures and physicochemical properties on the other, to allow predictions of exposure, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2302-2316. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类广泛应用的数千种持久性工业化学品。PFAS环境研究领域发展迅速，但在特定化合物、环境介质和生物体方面存在严重偏差。因此，我们研究的目的是突出当前的发展情况，识别知识空白以及后续的研究需求，这些将有助于对PFAS进行全面的环境风险评估。为此，我们查阅了公开文献和数据库，发现关于PFAS环境归宿的知识仅基于对归类为PFAS的化合物中不到1%的分析。此外，土壤和悬浮颗粒物在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。PFAS的生物有效性、生物累积和食物网转移研究也集中在非常有限的几种化合物上，并且偏向于水生生物群落，主要是鱼类，而水生无脊椎动物和大型植物的研究较少。现有的生态毒性数据表明，只有少数PFAS的环境危害得到了充分研究，而且PFAS的生态毒性数据也强烈偏向于水生生物。鉴于PFAS的持久性和生物累积性，需要开展陆地环境中的生态毒性研究以及慢性、多代和群落生态毒性研究。最后，我们确定迫切需要揭示一方面吸附、生物累积和生态毒性之间的关系，另一方面PFAS化学结构和物理化学性质的分子描述符之间的关系，以便预测暴露、生物累积和毒性。《环境毒理学与化学》2023年；42：2302 - 2316。© 2023作者。《环境毒理学与化学》由Wiley Periodicals LLC代表SETAC出版。
