Quittkat Hannah L, Düsing Rainer, Holtmann Friederike-Johanna, Buhlmann Ulrike, Svaldi Jennifer, Vocks Silja
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Department of Research Methodology, Diagnostics and Evaluation, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 17;11:586246. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586246. eCollection 2020.
The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has plunged countries across the world into crisis. Both in the general population and in specific subgroups such as infected people or health care workers, studies have reported increased symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. However, the reactions of individuals with mental disorders to Covid-19 have largely been neglected. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the perceived impact of Covid-19 and its psychological consequences on people with mental disorders. In this online survey, participants were asked to evaluate their disorder-specific symptoms, perceived psychosocial stress and behaviors related to Covid-19 in the current situation and retrospectively before the spread of Covid-19. The study included participants with self-identified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and agoraphobia (PA), illness anxiety disorder (IA), social anxiety disorder (SAD), depression (DP), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), eating disorders (ED), schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (SP), other non-specified mental disorder (other) as well as mentally healthy controls (HC). The results of bayesian parameter estimation suggest that the symptom severity of DP, GAD, IA and BDD has deteriorated as a reaction to Covid-19. Across all mental disorders and HC, self-reported psychosocial stress levels were higher during the outbreak of Covid-19 compared to before. A reduced frequency of social contacts and grocery shopping was found for all participants. People with self-identified mental disorders showed higher personal worries about Covid-19 and a higher fear of contagion with Covid-19 than did HC. According to our findings, Covid-19 may reinforce symptom severity and psychosocial stress in individuals with mental disorders. In times of pandemics, special support is needed to assist people with mental disorders and to prevent symptom deterioration.
近期爆发的冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）使世界各国陷入危机。研究表明，无论是普通人群还是特定亚组人群，如感染者或医护人员，焦虑、抑郁和压力症状都有所增加。然而，精神障碍患者对新冠肺炎的反应在很大程度上被忽视了。因此，本研究旨在调查新冠肺炎对精神障碍患者的感知影响及其心理后果。在这项在线调查中，参与者被要求评估他们当前和回顾新冠肺炎传播前特定疾病的症状、感知到的心理社会压力以及与新冠肺炎相关的行为。该研究纳入了自我认定患有广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）、惊恐障碍和广场恐惧症（PA）、疾病焦虑障碍（IA）、社交焦虑障碍（SAD）、抑郁症（DP）、强迫症（OCD）、躯体变形障碍（BDD）、进食障碍（ED）、精神分裂症谱系及其他精神病性障碍（SP）、其他未特定的精神障碍（其他）以及心理健康对照组（HC）的参与者。贝叶斯参数估计结果表明，DP、GAD、IA和BDD的症状严重程度因新冠肺炎而恶化。在所有精神障碍和HC组中，自我报告的心理社会压力水平在新冠肺炎爆发期间高于爆发前。所有参与者的社交接触和购物频率都有所降低。自我认定患有精神障碍的人比HC组对新冠肺炎表现出更高的个人担忧和更高的感染恐惧。根据我们的研究结果，新冠肺炎可能会加重精神障碍患者的症状严重程度和心理社会压力。在大流行时期，需要特别支持来帮助精神障碍患者并防止症状恶化。
