Cuschieri Sarah, Grech Stephan
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.
Glob Health Epidemiol Genom. 2020 Nov 6;5:e6. doi: 10.1017/gheg.2020.6. eCollection 2020.
INTRODUCTION: Global public health is challenged by two concurrent epidemics; COVID-19 and obesity. Considering the global prevalence of obesity, exploring relationships with COVID-19 are of clinical importance. The aim was to provide a comprehensive summary and recommendations on this relationship between COVID-19 and obesity. METHOD: A literature search was performed to prepare a narrative review of COVID-19 and obesity. RESULTS: An obesity state promotes chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, hinders immunity and causes mechanical lung compression. These increase susceptibilities to COVID-19 infection, complications including the requirement of invasive ventilation. Existing co-morbidities enhances these complications. Preventive measures of social distancing and self-isolation may increase stigmatisation and psychological deterrents. Hence, special recommendations targeting this vulnerable population are required. CONCLUSION: The obese population is a COVID-19 vulnerable group, requiring special attention during this pandemic to avoid complications and healthcare systems burden. Lacking COVID-19 vaccination, regular physical activity and a healthy diet are recommended with attention to mental health. A prolonged quarantine duration and administration of prophylactic vitamin D may be considered.
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