Hosio Mayu, Jaks Viljar, Lagus Heli, Vuola Jyrki, Ogawa Rei, Kankuri Esko
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Nov 13;8:578384. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578384. eCollection 2020.
Primary cilia (PC) are solitary, post-mitotic, microtubule-based, and membrane-covered protrusions that are found on almost every mammalian cell. PC are specialized cellular sensory organelles that transmit environmental information to the cell. Signaling through PC is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Conversely, defective, or abnormal PC signaling can contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Our knowledge of the role of PC in organ development and function is largely based on ciliopathies, a family of genetic disorders with mutations affecting the structure and function of PC. In this review, we focus on the role of PC in their major signaling pathways active in skin cells, and their contribution to wound healing and scarring. To provide comprehensive insights into the current understanding of PC functions, we have collected data available in the literature, including evidence across cell types, tissues, and animal species. We conclude that PC are underappreciated subcellular organelles that significantly contribute to both physiological and pathological processes of the skin development and wound healing. Thus, PC assembly and disassembly and PC signaling may serve as attractive targets for antifibrotic and antiscarring therapies.
原发性纤毛（PC）是几乎存在于每一个哺乳动物细胞上的单个的、有丝分裂后形成的、基于微管且被膜覆盖的突出物。原发性纤毛是专门的细胞感觉细胞器，可将环境信息传递给细胞。通过原发性纤毛的信号传导参与多种细胞过程的调节，包括增殖、分化和迁移。相反，有缺陷的或异常的原发性纤毛信号传导可能导致各种病理状况的发生。我们对原发性纤毛在器官发育和功能中作用的了解很大程度上基于纤毛病，这是一类遗传性疾病，其突变会影响原发性纤毛的结构和功能。在本综述中，我们重点关注原发性纤毛在皮肤细胞中活跃的主要信号通路中的作用，以及它们对伤口愈合和瘢痕形成的影响。为了全面深入了解目前对原发性纤毛功能的认识，我们收集了文献中的可用数据，包括跨细胞类型、组织和动物物种的证据。我们得出结论，原发性纤毛是未得到充分重视的亚细胞细胞器，对皮肤发育和伤口愈合的生理和病理过程都有显著贡献。因此，原发性纤毛的组装和解聚以及原发性纤毛信号传导可能成为抗纤维化和抗瘢痕治疗的有吸引力的靶点。
