睡眠瘫痪和假醒是否与 REM 睡眠和清醒 REM 睡眠不同？一项频谱 EEG 分析。
Are sleep paralysis and false awakenings different from REM sleep and from lucid REM sleep? A spectral EEG analysis.
机构信息
Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania Via S. Sofia 78, Italy.
出版信息
J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Apr 1;17(4):719-727. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9056.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To determine the polysomnography characteristics during sleep paralysis, false awakenings, and lucid dreaming (which are states intermediate to rapid eye movement [REM] sleep and wake but exceptionally observed in sleep laboratory).
METHODS
In 5 participants, we captured 5 episodes of sleep paralysis (2 time marked with the ocular left-right-left-right code normally used to signal lucid dreaming, 1 time marked by an external noise, and 2 retrospectively reported) and 2 episodes of false awakening. The sleep coding (using 3-second mini-epochs) and spectral electroencephalography analysis were compared during these episodes and normal REM sleep as well as wakefulness in the same 4 of 5 participants and vs lucid REM sleep in 4 other patients with narcolepsy.
RESULTS
During episodes of sleep paralysis, 70.8% of mini-epochs contained theta electroencephalography rhythm (vs 89.7% in REM sleep and 21.2% in wakefulness), 93.8% contained chin muscle atonia (vs 89.7% in REM sleep and 33.3% in wakefulness), and 6.9% contained rapid eye movements (vs 11.9% in REM sleep and 8.1% in wakefulness). The electroencephalography spectrum during sleep paralysis was intermediate between wakefulness and REM sleep in the alpha, theta, and delta frequencies, whereas the beta frequencies were not different between sleep paralysis and normal REM sleep. The power spectrum during false awakening followed the same profile as in sleep paralysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The predominant theta electroencephalography rhythm during sleep paralysis and false awakenings (with rare and lower alpha rhythm) suggests that the brain during sleep paralysis is not in an awake but in a dreaming state.
研究目的
确定睡眠瘫痪、假醒和清醒梦（介于快速眼动睡眠和清醒之间的状态，但在睡眠实验室中异常观察到）期间的多导睡眠图特征。
方法
在 5 名参与者中，我们捕获了 5 次睡眠瘫痪（2 次用通常用于标记清醒梦的眼球左右左右代码标记，1 次用外部噪声标记，2 次回顾性报告）和 2 次假醒。在这 5 名参与者中的 4 名中，与正常 REM 睡眠和清醒状态相比，以及在另外 4 名患有嗜睡症的患者中与清醒 REM 睡眠相比，比较了这些发作期间的睡眠编码（使用 3 秒迷你时段）和光谱脑电图分析。
结果
在睡眠瘫痪发作期间，70.8%的迷你时段包含θ脑电图节律（在 REM 睡眠和清醒状态下分别为 89.7%和 21.2%），93.8%包含颏肌弛缓（在 REM 睡眠和清醒状态下分别为 89.7%和 33.3%），6.9%包含快速眼动（在 REM 睡眠和清醒状态下分别为 11.9%和 8.1%）。睡眠瘫痪期间的脑电图频谱在α、θ和δ频率之间介于清醒和 REM 睡眠之间，而β频率在睡眠瘫痪和正常 REM 睡眠之间没有差异。假醒期间的功率谱遵循与睡眠瘫痪相同的模式。
结论
睡眠瘫痪和假醒期间主要的θ脑电图节律（罕见且较低的α节律）表明，睡眠瘫痪期间的大脑不是处于清醒状态，而是处于做梦状态。
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