Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France.
Adv Biol Regul. 2021 Jan;79:100772. doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100772. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
Lipids have emerged as important actors in an ever-growing number of key functions in cell biology over the last few years. Among them, glycerophospholipids are major constituents of cellular membranes. Because of their amphiphilic nature, phospholipids form lipid bilayers that are particularly useful to isolate cellular content from the extracellular medium, but also to define intracellular compartments. Interestingly, phospholipids come in different flavors based on their fatty acyl chain composition. Indeed, lipidomic analyses have revealed the presence in cellular membranes of up to 50 different species of an individual class of phospholipid, opening the possibility of multiple functions for a single class of phospholipid. In this review we will focus on phosphatidic acid (PA), the simplest phospholipid, that plays both structural and signaling functions. Among the numerous roles that have been attributed to PA, a key regulatory role in secretion has been proposed in different cell models. We review here the evidences that support the idea that mono- and poly-unsaturated PA control distinct steps in hormone secretion from neuroendocrine cells.
近年来，脂质在细胞生物学中越来越多的关键功能中扮演着重要的角色。其中，甘油磷脂是细胞膜的主要成分。由于其两亲性，磷脂形成脂质双层，这对于将细胞内容物与细胞外介质隔离开来特别有用，但也可以定义细胞内区室。有趣的是，根据其脂肪酸链组成，磷脂有不同的种类。事实上，脂质组学分析表明，在细胞膜中存在多达 50 种不同的单个磷脂类别，为单个磷脂类别具有多种功能提供了可能性。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍磷脂酸（PA），最简单的磷脂，它具有结构和信号功能。在已经归因于 PA 的众多作用中，在不同的细胞模型中提出了其在分泌中的关键调节作用。我们在这里回顾了支持单不饱和和多不饱和 PA 控制神经内分泌细胞中激素分泌不同步骤的观点的证据。
