Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Worcester, MA, USA.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2020 Dec 7;10(1):114-120. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000346.
Many of the risk factors for developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also risk factors for eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). During the past decades, macrophages and the complement pathway (as a part of the innate immune system) have been identified as important contributors to the development of AMD, and we suggest that these mechanisms are of similar importance for the clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Based on the experience with AMD, we discuss how behavioral factors such as diet, smoking and higher body mass index, as well as genetic determinants such as the complement and immune pathway genes may lead to the overactive inflammatory phenotypes seen in some patients with COVID-19, and may in part explain the heterogeneity of disease manifestations and outcomes. Based on this experience, we discuss potential genetic research projects and elaborate on preventive and treatment approaches related to COVID-19.
许多导致严重 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的风险因素也是眼部疾病（如年龄相关性黄斑变性，AMD）的风险因素。在过去几十年中，巨噬细胞和补体途径（作为先天免疫系统的一部分）已被确定为 AMD 发展的重要因素，我们认为这些机制对于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的临床病程也具有重要意义。基于 AMD 的经验，我们讨论了饮食、吸烟和较高的体重指数等行为因素以及补体和免疫途径基因等遗传决定因素如何导致 COVID-19 患者中一些患者出现过度活跃的炎症表型，并部分解释了疾病表现和结局的异质性。基于这一经验，我们讨论了潜在的遗传研究项目，并详细阐述了与 COVID-19 相关的预防和治疗方法。
